The Effect of Contrast Training on the Development of Muscular Power and Selected Physiological Indicators in Advanced Basketball Players

Background and Study Aim. This study was to investigate the effects of low-intensity interval training on the physiological variables of university students. Material and Methods. Forty male sports science students aged 18-25 years were randomly assigned to the Experimental group (n=20) and the Control group (n=20). The Experimental group underwent low-intensity interval training for eight weeks, whereas the Control group did not. Measurements of physiological variables such as resting heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, breath-hold time, maximal oxygen uptake, and blood pressure were obtained for all subjects before and after the intervention. To compare the mean physiological variables between the experimental and control groups, an independent samples t-test was used. Results. Statistical significance was set at p 0.05. After the training intervention, the experimental group showed significantly better improvements than the control group in resting heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, breath-holding time, maximal oxygen uptake, and blood pressure (p 0.05). Post intervention maximum oxygen uptake was statistically significant with t (38) = 3.086, p value 0.004. Post experiment systolic blood pressure was statistically significant with t (38) = -2.405, p value 0.021 for low intensity interval training and control group. Post experiment diastolic blood pressure was statistically highly significant with t (38) = 0.569, p value 0.001 for low intensity interval training and control group. The result of the study showed that there was a significant difference in post rest heart rate, respiratory rate, recovery heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, breath holding and maximal oxygen uptake between the low intensity interval training and the control group (p 0.05). Conclusions. Thus, it was concluded that eight weeks of low-intensity interval training show significant improvement in physiological variables of university students.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on university students’ physiological variables. 40 male sports science students with an age range between 18-25 years were randomly assigned to the HIIT group (n=20) and control (C) group (n=20). The experiment group underwent eight weeks of HIIT, whereas, C group do not. Pre and posttest measurements of physiological variables like resting heart rate (RHR), respiratory rate (RR), recovery heart rate (RcHR), breath holding time (BHT), VO2 max and blood pressure BP) were made for all subjects before and after the intervention. To compare the mean physiological variables between the experiment and control groups, an independent sample t-test was employed. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Following the exercise intervention, the experiment group shows significantly better improvements than the control group in, RHR, RR, BHT, VO2 max, and systolic blood pressure (p<0.05). Thus, it was concluded that eight weeks of HIIT show a significant improvement in the physiological variables of university students.

Prognostic Value of Late Heart Rate Recovery After Treadmill Exercise

Exercise training enhances autonomic function after acute myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled study

Exercise training enhances autonomic function after acute myocardial infarction: A randomized controlled study

Background: Female football becomes popular in last decades. The body fat, strength, power, endurance etc are playing an important role in female football. The present study has been designed to investigate the effects of 6 weeks of training on body composition, physical fitness and physiological variables of female football players. Materials and Methods: A total of eighty two female football players (age 16-18 yrs.) participated were included and twenty two were excluded from the study, the remaining were divided into control group (CG, n = 30) and experimental group (EG, n = 30). The volunteers of the experimental group followed a training programme (2 hrs/day, 5day/week, for 6 weeks), whereas no training was given volunteers of the control group. Selected body composition, physical fitness and physiological variables were performed at the beginning (0 week) and at the end of the study (6 weeks). Results: A significant reduction (p < .05) in body mass, body fat, resting heart rate, recovery heart rate, and systolic blood pressure; and an increase (p < .05) in strength, anaerobic power, VO2max, FEV1, FVC and PEFR was noted after 6 weeks of training. Body fat showed negative correlation with back strength (r = -0.26, p < .05), grip strength (r = -0.46, p < .01), anaerobic capacity (r = -0.30, p < .05) and flexibility (r = -0.32, p < .05) of the volunteers. LBM showed positive correlation with grip strength right (r = 0.59, p < .05), grip strength left (r = 0.53, p < .05), back strength (r = 0.73, p < .05), flexibility (r = 0.41, p < .05). The anaerobic power showed a significant positive correlation with VO2max (r = 0.51, p < .01). Conclusions: Regular monitoring of the indicators is essential to obtain optimal performance of the players.

Context: The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of specific training on selected physilogicalvariable among school boys kabaddi players from government higher secondary school koomapatti..The age of the subjects ranged from 15to18 years. The selected subjects n=30 were divided into one experimental group and one control group at random. The investigator selected a training that is specific training for kabaddi players which improved certain selected physiological fitness variables namely Resting Heart Rate. As the result of field training the physical fitness level of the kabaddi would improve. The experimental group endured the training activities for 6 weeks with a schedule of six days whereas the control group remained with no activities. The data procured in prior and after the training programme was examined. To find out difference between experimental and control group of Resting Heart Rate t-ratio was employed and the level of significance was set at 0.05. The results of the study showed that the Resting Heart Rate of the experimental group was significantly improved than the control group.

تأثیر برنامج تدریبی بدنی مهاری على بعض المتغیرات الفسیولوجیة لطلاب جامعة طیبة دراسة تجریبیة. Comparative Study: The Effect of Physical and Skills Training Program on Some Physiological Variables on the University Undergraduate Student

Heart rate recovery, defined as the fall in heart rate during the first minute after exercise, is an indicator of autonomic function, which was found to be an independent predictor of mortality after an acute myocardial infarction. PURPOSE: To assess the effects of exercise training on autonomic function, assessed by measuring heart rate recovery at first minute, in coronary artery disease patients recovering from an acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: A single-centre prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. Forty-seven consecutive patients after the first myocardial infarction were randomized to exercise-training (n=24) or usual medical care (n=23). Complete randomization was performed by allowing patients to choose one of two sealed numbered envelopes. The exercise group participated in an 8-week aerobic exercise program, whereas the control received usual medical care and follow-up. Changes in heart rate and blood pressure at rest and at peak exercise, dietary intake, cardiorespiratory fitness, and heart rate recovery were assessed. RESULTS: Nine patients terminated the study prematurely, leaving thirty-eight for the statistical analysis (exercise-training, n=20, 54.3 ± 10.8 years of age; control group, n=18, 57.0 ± 7.6 years of age). The medication and the dietary intake remained unchanged in both groups during the study period. The exercise-training group improved resting heart rate (from 68.0 ± 9.2 to 62.6 ± 8.7 bpm, P=0.030), resting systolic blood pressure (from 135 ± 7.1 to 125.6 ± 11.3 mmHg, P=0.012), cardiorespiratory fitness (from 31.4 ± 7.7 to 33.7 ± 8.0 ml/min/kg, P=0.016), and heart rate recovery (from 20 ± 6 to 24 ± 5 bpm, P=0.007). No significant changes were observed in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training improved autonomic function, assessed by heart rate recovery, resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure, in the absence of changes in dietary intake or medication.

BACKGROUNDFew studies have investigated changes in autonomic function after training in patients with cardiovascular diseases, particularly patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Heart rate recovery (HRR) is a strong predictor of mortality in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 8 weeks of supervised exercise training on autonomic function, which were assessed by heart rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and rate-pressure product (RPP) in CHF patients.METHODS65 patients aged 57-82 years with CHF were assigned to two groups randomly. The first group received a supervised 8-week aerobic training program of 30-45 min sessions, 3 days per week on alternate days, while controls received standard medical care and were followed up. Body weight, body mass index, functional capacity, resting heart rate, HRR, resting systolic blood pressure, peak heart rate, peak systolic blood pressure, and RPP were measured before and after the study period. Medications and diet recommendations remained unchanged in both groups during the study period.RESULTSThe exercise group consisted of 33 patients with mean age of 61.54 ± 5.89 years and the controls were 32 patients with mean age of 60.94 ± 5.03 years. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures revealed a statistically significant difference in the exercise group compared to the control group regarding body mass index, resting heart rate, heart rate recover, functional capacity, peak heart rate, peak systolic blood pressure, peak RPP after 8 weeks (P ≤ 0.05).CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, a multidisciplinary CR program with supervised exercise training support significantly improves functional capacity and autonomic function in CHF patients. Therefore, a supervised and guided exercise training program is safe and beneficial for patients with CHF with different etiologies.

Acute effects of low and high-volume resistance training on hemodynamic, metabolic and neuromuscular parameters in older adults.

Data about effects of exercise training in adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) are very limited. This study investigated the effect of 2 different frequencies of the same intensity and total training volume of combined exercise training on indices of body composition, physical fitness, and lipid profile in overweight and obese adolescents with ID. A total of 45 overweight and obese adolescents with ID aged 14-22 years with a total IQ 45-70 received combined exercise training 3 times a week (CET3) for 30 sessions (10 weeks; n = 15), twice a week (CET2) for 30 sessions (15 weeks; n = 15), or no training (10 weeks; n = 15). Groups were matched for age, sex, and education form. Before and after the intervention period, indices of body composition, physical fitness and lipid profile have been evaluated. Compared to the control group, CET3 resulted in a significant improvement of physical fitness, obesity indices, and lipid profile of the participants. Comparing CET2 with CET3, no significantly different evolutions were noticed, except for lower limb strength in favor of exercising 3 times a week. In conclusion, exercising 2 times a week, which is more feasible and practical for participants and guidance, has the same health beneficial effects as 3 times per week in overweight and obese adolescents with ID in short-term training.

Background and Aim: Sports activities play a protective and preventive role against heart diseases by reducing their risk factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of resistance training by muscle endurance method on blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma endothelin-1 levels of inactive healthy men. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 middle-aged men (Mean±SD age: 47.03±2.12 years, Mean±SD height: 172.90±3 cm, Mean±SD weight: 80.70±3.1 kg, Mean±SD Body Mass Index: 27.47±3.66 kg/m², and Mean±SD waist to hip ratio: 0.98 0±1.27) were purposefully selected and then randomly divided into the control and experimental groups (each 15 members). The experimental group performed 8 weeks of resistance training, three sessions per week with an intensity of 40% to 70% of 1 repetition maximum. Plasma endothelin-1, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate were measured before and after 8 weeks of exercise. The dependent t-test was used to examine intra-group changes, and the independent t-test was used for inter-group differences. The significance level was considered less than 0.05. Results: Eight weeks of muscular endurance resistance training significantly reduced endothelin-1 plasma levels of inactive middle-aged men (P=0.002). Also, 8 weeks of resistance training significantly reduced their systolic blood pressure (P=0.001) and resting heart rate (P=0.01), but the decrease in diastolic blood pressure was not significant (P=0.0411). Conclusion: Based on the present study results, muscular endurance resistance training as a preventive factor can decrease the risk of hypertension and heart disease in healthy middle-aged men by reducing plasma endothelin-1 levels, systolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate.

This study aimed to examine the effects of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the physiological variables of young wrestlers. The significance of this study lies in its potential to identify effective training strategies to enhance the physiological capabilities of wrestlers, which are crucial for optimal performance. Despite the potential benefits of HIIT, research on its effects on young wrestlers is limited. The study utilized a pre- and post-test experimental design involving 14 young wrestlers from the Zakho Sports Club who were divided into control and experimental groups, each comprising seven wrestlers. The experimental group underwent a 9-week HIIT program, whereas the control group underwent a traditional training program. The physiological variables assessed included blood pressure, heart rate, lactic acid concentration, and anaerobic and aerobic powers. The results indicated significant improvements in the experimental group in terms of resting heart rate, heart rate after effort, lactic acid concentration, and aerobic power but not in blood pressure or anaerobic power. These findings confirm that HIIT can effectively enhance the physiological efficiency of young athletes and provide valuable methodological contributions to training programs for young wrestlers. This research demonstrates that HIIT effectively enhances athletes' physiological capacity and technical performance. This conclusion validates the idea that customized high-intensity and interval-based training can lead to substantial and advantageous physiological improvements in young wrestlers.

Exercise heart rate reserve and recovery as risk factors for sudden cardiac death