The effect of atorvastatin on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and renal function in kidney diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

BackgroundPulmonary diseases are important causes of morbidity globally. Atorvastatin's pleiotropic effects, which include anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering properties, may be beneficial for individuals with respiratory diseases. This meta-analysis evaluated the atorvastatin's effect on inflammatory biomarkers, lipid profile, liver enzymes, and pulmonary function in lung disease patients.MethodsWe systematically searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar for English-language RCTs until March 2025. The study evaluated inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α), lipid profile (LDL, HDL, TC, TG), liver enzymes (ALT, AST), pulmonary function tests, and physical performance. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMDs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup, heterogeneity, and publication bias analyses were conducted.ResultsSeventeen RCTs (22 datasets; n = 1,344) on asthma, COPD, COVID-19, pulmonary hypertension, and associated disorders were analyzed. Atorvastatin substantially decreased TNF-α (WMD: − 0.20 pg/mL; 95% CI − 0.28 to − 0.11), LDL cholesterol (WMD: − 21.48 mg/dL; 95% CI − 30.82 to − 12.14), and TC (WMD: − 15.24 mg/dL; 95% CI − 28.28 to − 2.20), while improving 6MWD (WMD: 0.71; 95% CI 0.24 to 1.17) and FEF25-75 in COPD subgroups. Evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) was considerably lower (WMD: − 8.72; 95% CI − 14.96 to − 2.47), indicating worsening in airway airflow throughout the evening. There were no significant overall effects for CRP, IL-6, triglycerides, HDL, FEV1, FVC, or oxygen saturation.ConclusionsAtorvastatin demonstrates anti-inflammatory and lipid-lowering efficacy in pulmonary disease patients, with mild functional respiratory benefits and modest improvements in physical performance. Additional large-scale studies are needed to validate clinical benefits and effective treatment methods.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40001-025-03782-y.

Markers of and Risk Factors for the Development and Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease

Nomenclature for kidney function and disease: Executive summary and glossary from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) consensus conference

Theobromine may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to find molecular effects of theobromine on lipid profile, glycemic status, inflammatory factors, and vascular function through a comprehensive assessment of all in vitro and in vivo studies. The search process was started at 18 July 2022. Databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched to find all articles published up to 18 July 2022. Nineteen studies were included in this study. In vitro studies showed the improving effects of theobromine on inflammatory markers. Of four animal studies assessing the effect of theobromine on inflammatory markers, two reported favorable effects. Among five animal studies assessing the effects of theobromine on lipid profile, three reported improving effects on either triglyceride, total cholesterol, low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Of the three human studies, two revealed that theobromine had improving effects on lipid profile. A favorable effect of theobromine on augmentation index was also reported in two RCTs. The results for other outcomes were inconclusive. Theobromine may have favorable effects on inflammatory factors, lipid profile, and vascular function markers. However, studies with a longer duration and lower, dietary-relevant doses are required for future confirmation.

Effects of supplementation with vegetable sources of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) on inflammatory markers and lipid profile in individuals with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundExercise is a well-accepted strategy to improve lipid and inflammatory profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, the exercise intensity having the most benefits on lipids and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM remains unclear. We aimed to analyse the impact of a 1-year combined high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with resistance training (RT), and a moderate continuous training (MCT) with RT on inflammatory and lipid profile in individuals with T2DM.MethodsIndividuals with T2DM (n = 80, aged 59 years) performed a 1-year randomized controlled trial and were randomized into three groups (control, n = 27; HIIT with RT, n = 25; MCT with RT, n = 28). Exercise sessions were supervised with a frequency of 3 days per week. Inflammatory and lipid profiles were measured at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Changes in inflammatory and lipid markers were assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age and baseline moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), we observed a time-by-group interaction for Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in both the MCT with RT (β = − 0.70, p = 0.034) and HIIT with RT (β = − 0.62, p = 0.049) groups, whereas, only the HIIT with RT group improved total cholesterol (β = − 0.03, p = 0.045) and LDL-C (β = − 0.03, p = 0.034), when compared to control. No effect was observed for C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), soluble form of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin receptor CD163 (sCD163), triglycerides and HDL-C in both groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionsFavorable adaptations on IL-6 were observed in both the HIIT and MCT combined with RT groups following a long-term 1-year exercise intervention in individuals with T2DM. However, only the HIIT with RT prevented further derangement of total cholesterol and LDL-C, when compared to the control group. Therefore, in order to encourage exercise participation and improve inflammatory profile, either exercise protocols may be prescribed, however, HIIT with RT may have further benefits on the lipid profile.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT03144505

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to synthesize existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV) training on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in adults.MethodsIn this meta-analysis, we systematically searched four major electronic databases—PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase—from their inception until August 15, 2025, to ensure comprehensive coverage of the relevant literature. The primary outcome indicators analyzed in this study included interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). We conducted data analysis using the Stata 17.0 software to perform a statistical analysis of the combined effect sizes for each indicator.ResultsA total of 11 RCTs were included, involving 409 participants. The results showed that WBV training significantly reduced TNF-α [weighted mean difference (WMD) = −0.80 pg/mL, 95% CI: −1.14 to −0.47, p < 0.001], hs-CRP (WMD = −0.68 mg/L, 95% CI: −0.94 to −0.43, p < 0.001), and TG [standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.67, 95% CI: −1.15 to −0.19, p = 0.006] levels in adults. However, no significant effects were observed for IL-6 (WMD = −0.50 pg/mL, 95% CI: −2.08 to −1.08, p = 0.535), IL-8 (WMD = 0.30 pg/mL, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.85, p = 0.296), TC (SMD = −0.28, 95% CI: −0.57 to 0.02, p = 0.067), LDL (SMD = −0.47, 95% CI: −0.98 to 0.03, p = 0.068), and HDL (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI: −0.17 to 1.03, p = 0.156).ConclusionThis study confirmed that WBV training can positively impact inflammatory markers (TNF-α and hs-CRP) and lipid profile (TG) in adults. These findings provide important evidence for health management and intervention strategies for chronic disease prevention in adults, further supporting WBV training as an effective exercise intervention strategy for promoting metabolic health.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD420251124521) https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/CRD420251124521.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases are among the most common causes of mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is necessary to control the risk factors of these patients. Since the level of inflammatory markers and lipid profiles has increased in cardiovascular diseases and due to the increasing role of plants in the treatment of diseases, the current study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Teucrium polium on inflammatory markers and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats.Materials and methodsA total of 24 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each and treated with oral administration for 8 weeks. The control group received normal diet, the sham group received high-cholesterol diet and experimental groups 1 and 2 received high-cholesterol diet in the 8 weeks and doses of 85 and 170 mg/kg, respectively, of the T. polium hydroalcoholic extract (TPHAE) in the second 4 weeks. At the beginning and the end of the study, rats were examined for biochemical parameters. The mean level of variables for each group was presented as mean ± standard error of mean.ResultsThe results of this study showed that, after administration of TPHAE, there was a significant decrease in the mean of inflammatory markers in all groups compared to sham group (P<0.001). Also, administration of the extract significantly reduced the serum levels of triglyceride, cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and significantly increased the serum HDL-cholesterol levels. In addition, the 170 mg/kg dose of TPHAE was the most effective in reducing serum levels of inflammatory and lipid markers.ConclusionTreatment with TPHAE caused dose-dependent decrease in serum levels of inflammatory markers and lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic rats. Therefore, it can be applied as a natural product for the management of cardiovascular diseases.

Flaxseed oil does not affect inflammatory markers and lipid profile compared to olive oil, in young, healthy, normal weight adults

An evaluation the effects of curcumin on inflammatory markers and lipid profiles among patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The electronic databases such as PubMed, and Scopus were searched systematically up until 12 December 2021. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials was utilized. Likewise, data pooling was performed using a random effects model, also called a variance components model. Also, the findings were calculated as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In the end, this meta-analysis comprised a total number of nine studies. Curcumin intake significantly reduced total cholesterol (TC) (WMD=-13.77mg/dL; 95% CI,-26.77,-0.77; p=0.04) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (WMD=-18.87pg/mL; 95% CI,-28.36,-9.38; p<0.001) compared with controls. The results did not confirm the significant effect of curcumin intake on triglyceride (TG) (WMD=-6.37mg/dL; 95% CI,-26.59, 13.85; p=0.54), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C) (WMD=-5.65mg/dL; 95% CI,-20.81, 9.50; p=0.46), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C) (WMD=0.16mg/dL; 95% CI,-2.55, 2.88; p=0.91), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD=-0.13mg/L; 95% CI,-3.25, 3.30; p=0.93). Our study showed that curcumin significantly impacts TC and TNF levels in CKD patients.

This study aimed to investigate the interaction between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and apolipoproteinA2 265T>C (ApoA2 -265T>C) polymorphism on inflammatory and oxidative markers and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. In this cross-sectional study, 157 patients with T2DM were recruited. A food-frequency questionnaire was used for DII calculation. Inflammatory, oxidative and lipid biomarkers were measured. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used for ApoA2genotyping determination. In the current study, serum 8-iso-PGF2α and CRP were significantly higher, and serum SOD activity was significantly lower in subjects with CC genotype than TT homozygous in both crude and adjusted (for DII and AAs intake) models. Also, C-allele carriers compared with people with TT genotype had lower PTX3 in both models. In addition, serum TG level was significantly higher in TC genotype than TT homozygous in adjusted model. Moreover, subjects with CC homozygous and high DII level had significantly higher 8-iso-PGF2α level compared to those with TT genotype and low DII (reference group) in adjusted (for BMI, age, sexuality and AAs intake) model. Our results also showed that in TC genotypes with low DII and CC homozygous with both low and high DII, PTX3 concentrations were significantly lower than the reference group. In addition, CC carriers with low DII had significantly higher CRP level compared to the reference group. Moreover, our results reported significant higher TG in TC genotype with low DII and also higher total cholesterol level in CC genotype with low DII than the reference group. These findings indicate that CC genotype might predict higher inflammatory and oxidative status level compared to T allele carriers. An inflammatory diet may accelerate oxidative stress in subjects with CC genotype. However, the association between APOA2 -265T>C polymorphism and inflammation and lipid profile is presented less modifiable by DII.

Aim This study aimed to compare the effects of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy on inflammatory markers, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to evaluate the potential cardiovascular impact of biological treatments. Material and Method This single-center, prospective study included 122 participants between May 2012 and May 2013: 35 RA patients treated with DMARDs, 31 RA patients treated with anti-TNF agents, and 56 healthy controls. Inflammatory markers [erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor (RF)], lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)], and glycemic parameters [fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] were assessed. Results ESR and CRP levels were significantly higher in RA groups compared with controls (p&amp;lt;0.001), and CRP was higher in the anti-TNF group than in the DMARD group. RF positivity was markedly increased in RA patients (p&amp;lt;0.001). No significant differences were found among groups for lipid profile or AIP (p&amp;gt;0.05). Insulin and fasting glucose levels were similar, while HOMA-IR was higher in controls and marginally lower in RA groups (p=0.049). Conclusion RA patients exhibited significantly elevated inflammation, whereas lipid profile and AIP did not differ between treatment groups. Suppression of inflammation was associated with partial improvement in insulin resistance. Cardiometabolic risk in RA should be assessed by considering not only conventional lipid parameters but also inflammation and insulin resistance as multifactorial determinants.

BackgroundSubclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with dyslipidemia and low grade inflammation leading to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis shows an association with inflammatory markers, which with dyslipidemia may accelerate the atherogenesis, in SCH.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate some inflammatory markers and lipid profile as risk factors for atherosclerosis in SCH.Patients and methodsAn overall 100 participants were included and classified into two groups: control group I included 20 healthy volunteer, patient group II included 80 SCH patients and was subdivided into group IIa (26 male patients) and group IIb (54 female patients). All patients were submitted to the following investigations: complete blood picture, liver function tests, renal function tests, Lipid profile, calculated risk ratio I and II and specific laboratory Investigations [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyronine, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum interleukin (IL)-6 and serum IL-10 assays].ResultsThere were statistically high significant differences between the control group and the SCH group as regards serum triglycerides, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, risk ratio I and II, TSH, IL-6, IL-10 and CRP (P<0.001). Statistically significant higher levels of CRP, serum IL-6 and IL-10 were observed in SCH patients than in controls. TSH had a positive correlation in SCH patients with all studied parameters including all lipid parameters, CRP, IL-6 and IL-10 and was negative only to free tri-iodothyronine and free thyroxine, whereas IL-6 and IL-10 correlated also with all parameters except age.ConclusionSCH is associated with increased levels of inflammatory markers and dyslipidemia, which are indicators for atherosclerosis, and are good predictors of cardiovascular morbidity.

Comparing the effectiveness of Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin on changes in LDL, TG and HDL: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a condition marked by diminished cardiac output and impaired oxygen delivery to tissues. Exercise, once avoided in HFrEF patients due to safety concerns, is now recognized as an important therapeutic intervention. Structured exercise improves various physiological, biochemical, and analytical parameters, including cardiac output, endothelial function, skeletal muscle performance, and autonomic regulation. Biochemically, exercise induces favorable changes in inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, glucose metabolism, and renal function. This paper reviews these changes, highlighting how exercise can be safely incorporated into HFrEF management. Further research is needed to tailor exercise interventions for individual patients to optimize outcomes.