The Effect of Ambient Temperature on Migraine Disease: A Scoping Review.

Short-term effect of ambient temperature change on the risk of tuberculosis admissions: Assessments of two exposure metrics

Concerns are growing about the adverse health effects of ambient temperature and ambient temperature changes. However, the association between ambient temperature and ambient temperature changes on the risk of warts outpatient visits is poorly understood. Our study used the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) aimed to evaluate the association between ambient temperature, ambient temperature changes (including temperature change between neighboring days (TCN) and diurnal temperature range (DTR)), and warts outpatient visits. We also performed subgroup analyses in order to find susceptible populations by gender and age groups. The maximum relative risk (RR) of low ambient temperature (0°C) for warts outpatient visits was 1.117 (95% CI: 1.041-1.198, lag 04days), and the maximum RR of high ambient temperature (32°C) for warts outpatient visits was 1.318 (95% CI: 1.083-1.605, lag 07days). The large temperature drop (TCN = - 3°C) decreased the risk of warts visits, with the lowest RR value at the cumulative exposure of lag 7days (RR = 0.888, 95% CI: 0.822-0.959), and the large temperature rise (TCN = 2°C) increased the risk of warts visits, with the highest RR value at the cumulative exposure of lag 7days (RR = 1.080, 95% CI: 1.022-1.142). Overall, both low and high ambient temperatures and large temperature rise can increase the risk of warts visits, while large temperature drop is a protective factor for warts visits. However, we did not find any association between DTR and warts visits. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that males and the young (0-17years old) were more sensitive to low and high ambient temperatures, and the elderly (≥ 65years old) were more susceptible to TCN. The results may provide valuable evidence for reducing the disease burden of warts in the future.

This article is a summarized report and discussion of a series of experiments carried out to elucidate the many-faceted effects of ambient thermal conditions on change in splenic plaque forming cells (PFC) and humoral antibodies which were chosen as examples of physiological functions. As the results, the following findings were obtained. (1) The effect of thermal environment is more intense just after a change of thermal condition than after acclimation. (2) The adverse effects of high or low ambient temperature do not appear symmetrically as the thermal conditions go up or down from the optimal range. (3) When animals are exposed repeatedly for short period of time to a temperature which would normally exert a suppressive effect on immune response, the results turned out to be stimulative of immune response. (4) In the case of a temperature shift from a moderate to a cold environment, the effect on PFC took place mainly when the shift occurred after immune stimulation, while in the case of temperature shift from a moderate to a hot environment, the effect appeared when the shift took place before immune stimulation and the duration of effect lasted longer. To explain these results an “effective period” in the course of physiological adaptation to the change in ambient temperature and a “susceptible period” in the course of immune response were postulated.This series of experiments revealed that the effects of ambient temperature on the immune response were not simple but rather multilateral and complicated. Although the thermal environment rarely acts as the specific cause of a disease, more detailed knowledge on the influence of thermal environment will render prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases more precise and reliable.

The reliability of power electronic converters is one of the essential issues in designing of electric vehicles. This paper estimates the lifetime of the boost converter switch by Semikron and Coffin‐Manson models for two common failure mechanisms of Bond wire and Base plate solder, respectively. Four mission profiles based on the Artemis standard are applied to hybrid electrical vehicle model to determine unidirectional output power. Kharitonov's theory is used to design a robust controller to handle the uncertainty raised by different power cycles of the electric vehicle and the parameters of the converter during simulation. Stability of converter is achieved during simulation by identifying simple proportional integral controller coefficients with Kharitonov's theorem. A prototype 230 W boost converter is designed and utilized to validate average model and switch loss calculation relationships. The lifetime results indicate that the number of cycles, and the average and the maximum junction temperature have a more impact than the duration of the drive cycle on the lifetime of the converter. A mixed mission profile is considered to investigate the effect of sudden change in driving modes and speed on total consumed life and lifetime to enhance the study's applicability. Lifetime of switch is decreased significantly in mixed mode in comparison with other mission profiles in the same driving time. Furthermore, the motorway mission profile has 53%, 39.6%, and 160% less total consumed life in comparison with the urban, rural and mixed mission profiles, respectively. In addition, the effect of ambient temperature changes on IGBT lifetime has been investigated for four mission profiles. While motorway had the least total consumed life in 25°C, the urban had better performance in comparison with other mission profiles from 25 to 55°C.

Laser-mediated gene transfection has received much attention as a new method for targeted gene therapy because of the high spatial controllability of laser energy. We previously demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro that plasmid DNA can be transfected by applying nanosecond pulsed laser-induced stress waves (LISWs). In the present study, we investigated the dependence of transfection efficiency on the laser irradiation conditions and hence stress wave conditions in vitro. We measured characteristics of LISWs used for gene transfection. For NIH 3T3 cells, transfection efficiency was evaluated as functions of laser fluence and number of pulses. The effect of ambient temperature was also investigated, and it was found that change in ambient temperature in a specific range resulted in drastic change in transfection efficiency for NIH 3T3 cells. Gene transfection of different types of cell lines were also demonstrated, where cellular heating increased transfection efficiency for nonmalignant cells, while heating decreased transfection efficiency for malignant cells.

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There has been little published data on the effects of temperature on the performance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) machines. We examined the effect of changes in ambient room temperature on the performance of three DXA scanners (DPXL, Expert-XL and Prodigy). The study involved repeat measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) using three different spine phantoms scanned at different ambient room temperatures, both before and after calibration procedures. The calibration or quality assurance (QA) scan calibrates the scanner, adjusting for the ambient room temperature at the time of calibration. There was a moderate correlation between change in temperature and change in BMD measured prior to recalibration for the Expert-XL ( r=0.58) during normal clinical scanning conditions. There was no observed change in phantom BMD with change in temperature measured using the DXPL or Prodigy. After temperature change, without repeat calibration measurements, there was a strong correlation between temperature change and change in BMD measured using the Expert-XL ( r=0.96, p<0.001). From the regression equation, a change of 2.5 degrees C could alter the calculated BMD result measured by the Expert-XL by 1.5%, which would significantly affect the precision of the DXA system. There was no significant correlation between temperature and BMD in the DXPL or Prodigy. The observed differences between the densitometers and the effect of temperature change are most likely due to the differing types of detector systems used. Operators must be made aware that solid state detectors of the sort used in the Expert-XL (charge-coupled devices, CCDs) are significantly affected by changes in ambient room temperature.

State of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries under varying temperature conditions based on adaptive dual extended Kalman filter

Newborns of many mammalian species are partial poikilotherms and require adult thermoregulatory care for survival. In mice, pup survival in cold and cool ambient temperature depends on the ability of adult caregivers to huddle pups and bring them into a high-quality nest. It is therefore essential that adult mice adjust parental care as a function of changes in ambient temperature. Here, we investigated how mouse maternal care adapts to a range of temperatures, from cold to warm. We show that changes in ambient temperature affect several individual and co-parenting maternal behaviors in both dams and virgin female mice, and modulate activity of vasopressin neurons. Furthermore, we establish that the effects of ambient temperature on both maternal care and the activity of vasopressin neurons depend in part on thermosensation, specifically on the TRPM8 sensor. Using trans-synaptic anterograde tracing and whole-brain activity mapping, we find that vasopressin neurons from the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus connect synaptically with temperature-responsive brain structures implicated in maternal care. We then show that optogenetic activation of vasopressin projections to the central amygdala, a structure activated by cold ambient temperature, recapitulates the effects of cold on co-parenting behaviors. Our data provide a biological mechanism for maternal thermoregulatory behavior in mice with translational relevance to the reported association between ecosystem temperature fluctuations and variations in human child neglect cases.

Ambient temperature and humidity effects on the performance and nitric oxide emission of spark ignition engined vehicles in Athens/Greece