The effect of a lozenge combining prebiotic arginine and probiotics on caries increment in children during 10–12 months, a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of daily use of a lozenge containing arginine and probiotics for 10–12 months on caries increment, gingivitis- and plaque occurrence in children aged 5–9 years. MethodsIn this placebo-controlled, double-blinded, parallel-grouped randomized clinical trial, 343 children were randomly assigned to one of the study arms (1:1). The intervention group (n = 172) received a lozenge containing Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG® (DSM33156), Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, L. CASEI 431® (DSM33451) and prebiotic (arginine 2%). The placebo group (n = 171) received an identical lozenge without arginine or probiotics. Primary canines and molars, and permanent first molars were examined clinically (d/D= ICDAS1–6) and radiographically (d/D = R1–6) at baseline and follow-up. Missing (m/M), sealed (s/S), and filled (f/F) surfaces (-s/-S) in both dentitions were also included. Utilizing clinical and radiographic scorings, caries experience was classified as dICDAS1–6msf-s (primary teeth), DICDAS1–6MSF-S (permanent teeth), d/DICDAS1–6 m/M-s/S-f/F-s/S (mixed dentition). A weighted and an unweighted score system was applied. ResultsThe study was completed by 288 children. The dropout rate was 15%. The increase in ∆mean dICDAS3–6msf-s and ∆mean d/DICDAS3–6m/M-s/S-f/F-s/S was lower in the intervention group (p = 0.007). No differences were found for gingivitis- and plaque occurrence. No product-related side effects were reported. This study followed ICH-GCP including external monitoring. ConclusionDaily consumption of a lozenge containing prebiotic arginine and two strains of probiotics showed safe use and statistically significantly reduction in caries incrementbut no effect on the mean plaque or gingivitis occurrence in children. The use of a lozenge with arginine and probiotics combined has a promising potential as a supplementary tool for future management of caries. www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03928587). Clinical significanceThe combination of prebiotic arginine and probiotics shows clinical potential as a supplementary approach to toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste in managing caries increment in children. A new era in the management of caries may be emerging.