Abstract
The current study was designed to investigate whether edible brown seaweed Ecklonia cava extracts exhibits analgesic effects in plantar incision and spared nerve injury (SNI) rats. To evaluate pain-related behavior, we performed the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) and thermal hypersensitivity tests measured by von Frey filaments and a hot/cold plate analgesia meter. Pain-related behavior was also determined through analysis of ultrasonic vocalization. The results of experiments showed MWT values of the group that was treated with E. cava extracts by 300 mg/kg significantly increased; on the contrary, number of ultrasonic distress vocalization of the treated group was reduced at 6 h and 24 h after plantar incision operation (62.8%, p < 0.05). Moreover, E. cava 300 mg/kg treated group increased the paw withdrawal latency in hot-and cold-plate tests in the plantar incision rats. After 15 days of continuous treatment with E. cava extracts at 300 mg/kg, the treated group showed significantly alleviated SNI-induced hypersensitivity response by MWT compared with the control group. In conclusion, these results suggest that E. cava extracts have potential analgesic effects in the case of postoperative pain and neuropathic pain in rats.
Highlights
IntroductionPain management remains a major clinical challenge, because there is not an appropriate understanding about the mechanisms causing and maintaining pain and effective treatments [1]
Pain management remains a major clinical challenge, because there is not an appropriate understanding about the mechanisms causing and maintaining pain and effective treatments [1].Therapeutic drugs for treating pain have limited effectiveness and safety [2]
T present study was designed to investigate whether E. cava extracts exhibits anti-nociceptive effects in the model of postoperative pain through plantar incision [16] and on the spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model of neuropathic pain [17]
Summary
Pain management remains a major clinical challenge, because there is not an appropriate understanding about the mechanisms causing and maintaining pain and effective treatments [1]. Repetitive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may cause adverse effects such as gastrointestinal lesions or renal and liver failure [3]. Variously modulated GABAA receptors reduced the behavioral symptoms in animal models of experimental pain [14]. E. cava was considered a candidate for the effective treatment of pain-related disorders because of its rich phlorotannins content [15]. No studies have been made of the effect of E. cava extracts on the surgical incision of postoperative pain or neuropathic pain in vivo models. T present study was designed to investigate whether E. cava extracts exhibits anti-nociceptive effects in the model of postoperative pain through plantar incision [16] and on the spared nerve injury (SNI) rat model of neuropathic pain [17]. To evaluate pain-related behavior, we studied the mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) as measured by von Frey filaments, and the pain-induced ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) have been examined by ultrasonic microphones [18]
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