The dynamics of competition in the Chinese electric vehicle market: Insights from BYD’s market evolution

Building on the observation that competitive dynamics and market evolution are inextricably linked and underresearched, we propose a road map to guide and stimulate future research in the area. A number of rationales have been proposed to explain why there is relatively little research directed toward understanding the links between competitive dynamics and market evolution; these include the predominance of different research paradigms in each area, a lack of data appropriate for analyzing the two areas together, and the difficulty of obtaining robust and significant results with analysis that is by definition complex (it must consider factors and outcomes both across firms and over time). Using this last rationale as a starting point, we develop a series of research propositions related to key relationships where (a) insignificant or contradictory results have been obtained (in extant research) or (b) researchers have yet to delve. The propositions are designed to deepen our understanding of the relationship between the areas. Throughout the analysis, the key to developing the propositions is to recognize the importance of moderating factors, mediating factors, and covariates. In addition, where the approach to empirically test a proposition is new, we propose categories, measures, and comparisons that can be used.

Contents: Introduction PART I: COMPETITIVE DYNAMICS 1. A Retrospective and Prospective Examination of Competitor Analysis and Interfirm Rivalry with Implications for Entrepreneurship and Market Entry Ming-Jer Chen Competitor Analysis and Interfirm Rivalry: Toward a Theoretical Integration Ming-Jer Chen, 2. A Retrospective of Interdependency, Competition, and Industry Dynamics Michael J. Lenox, Scott F. Rockart and Arie Y. Lewin Interdependency, Competition, and Industry Dynamics Michael J. Lenox, Scott F. Rockart and Arie Y. Lewin 3. Commentary on 'Hypercompetition in a Multimarket Environment' Javier Gimeno and Carolyn Woo, Phillip H. Phan Hypercompetition in a Multimarket Environment: The Role of Strategic Similarity and Multimarket Contact in Competitive De-Escalation Javier Gimeno and Carolyn Y. Woo 4. It's Not About the Beer, Really Glenn R. Carroll Why the Microbrewery Movement? Organizational Dynamics of Resource Partitioning in the U.S. Brewing Industry Glenn R. Carroll and Anand Swaminathan 5. Entrepreneurship, Competitive Dynamics, and a Resource-Based View of Competitive Advantage Margaret A. Peteraf Unraveling The Resource-Base Tangle Margaret A. Peteraf and Jay B. Barney 6. Additional Insights on Resource-Based Competition Gideon D. Markman, Peter T. Gianiodis, and Ann K. Buchholtz Factor-Market Rivalry Gideon D. Markman, Peter T. Gianiodis, and Ann K. Buchholtz 7. Non-Market Players' Disruptive Campaigns Against Firms Theodore L. Waldron PART II: ENTREPRENEURIAL MARKET ENTRY 8. Commentary on 'Corporate Ventures into Industrial Markets' Ian MacMillan and Diana Day, Phillip H. Phan Corporate Ventures into Industrial Markets: Dynamics of Aggressive Entry Ian C. MacMillan and Diana L. Day 9. Market Niche Entry Decisions: A Retrospective Introduction Henrich R. Greve Market Niche Entry Decisions: Competition Learning, and Strategy in Tokyo Banking, 1894-1936 Henrich R. Greve 10. Towards a Model of Market Disruption Gokce Sargut and Rita Gunther McGrath 11. A Retrospective on Competition in Multiple Geographic Markets: The Impact on Growth and Market Entry Heather A. Haveman and Lynn Nonnemaker Competition in Multiple Geographic Markets: The Impact on Growth and Market Entry Heather A. Haveman and Lynn Nonnemaker 12. A Retrospective on Desperately Seeking Spillovers? Barak S. Aharonson, Joel A. C. Baum and Maryann P. Feldman, Desperately Seeking Spillovers? Increasing Returns, Industrial Organization and the Location of New Entrants in Geographic and Technological Space Barak S. Aharonson, Joel A. C. Baum and Maryann P. Feldman 13. A Theory of Defense Peter T. Gianodis CONCLUSION 14. The Business Model: A Growing Domain of Scholarly Inquiry Raffi Amit and Christopher Zott, The Fit Between Product Market Strategy and Business Model: Implications for Firm Performance Christopher Zott and Raffi Amit Index

The global automotive industry has been rapidly evolving, driven by environmental concerns and technological advancements, with the new energy vehicle market witnessing significant growth. Tesla, renowned for its innovative technology and high-performance electric vehicles, entered the Chinese market on January 7, 2020.This study provides an overview of Tesla's marketing strategies for entry and development in the Chinese electric vehicle market. Entering in January 2020, Tesla was attracted by lower production costs and government subsidies. Despite intense competition from domestic brands and data protection issues, it has achieved remarkable success through strong sales and a significant market share. Tesla's market strategies include a product strategy emphasizing technology edge and a wide product range, a price strategy following a high-to-low pricing model, and a direct sales-based marketing channels strategy. Although challenges persist, this combination has enabled Tesla to thrive in the competitive Chinese EV market. Through trends and reputation, Teslas brand building in China has emphasized the unique value of its electric vehicles, leveraging both online and offline channels for promotion.

Economic theory posits that competition drives efficiency; the extent to which this is true in an oligopolistic audit market poses an empirical challenge. Furthermore, studies have postulated that both traditional and modern industrial organization theories are relevant for analyzing market competition. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of static and dynamic audit market competition on audit efficiency in the Nigerian banking industry. Secondary data were obtained from the audited annual financial statements of 12 banks from 2006 to 2020. The study adopted a 2-stage regression model; in the first stage, the audit efficiency scores were derived from an output-based, variable-return-to-scale version of data envelopment analysis (DEA) comprising audit report lag and audit fees as audit input variables and audit quality as the audit output variable. The efficiency scores were regressed on audit market competition and some control variables in the second stage via the bootstrapped truncated regression technique to analyze the effect of competition on efficiency in the audit market. The results showed a positive association between static competition and audit efficiency (50.57, p = 0.014). Because high concentration implied low competition, this finding implied that efficiency was impaired because of a lack of significant competition. The results also showed a positive and significant association between dynamic competition and efficiency, which implied that dynamic competition enhanced efficiency (0.21, p = 0.000) in the audit market. The study concluded that static competition impairs efficiency, while dynamic competition ensures efficiency in the Nigerian banking industry.

Η παρούσα Διατριβή αποτελείται από 4 κεφάλαια, καθένα από τα οποία μελετά τις επενδυτικές στρατηγικές καλύπτοντας την Ευρωπαϊκή (Γερμανική) και την Αμερικάνικη αγορά, καταλήγοντας με σχολαστική διερεύνηση και ανάλυση στην Κινέζικη αγορά. Επίσης, παρουσιάζω τρεις διαφορετικές προσεγγίσεις των επενδυτικών στρατηγικών που συμβάλλουν στην αντίληψη και την κατανόηση των επενδυτικών δραστηριοτήτων. Το Κεφάλαιο 1 αποτελεί μια εκτεταμένη βιβλιογραφική ανασκόπηση βασισμένη στις επενδυτικές στρατηγικές, εστιάζοντας κυρίως στο ίδιο το momentum και στις εκφάνσεις του. Το Momentum αποτελεί μια από τις κοινώς αποδεκτές κατηγορίες επενδύσεων μεταξύ όλων των επενδυτικών στρατηγικών έχοντας λάβει υπόψη επενδυτές και ακαδημαϊκούς. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1 παρουσιάζω τη δυναμική και τη σημαντικότητα του momentum για τους επενδυτές, τη διαφορά του με το cross-sectional momentum, τις επιδράσεις υστέρησης, την κερδοφορία και την απόδοση του χαρτοφυλακίου στις στρατηγικές momentum. Επίσης, αναλύω τις χρονολογικές σειρές του momentum προσαρμοσμένες στον κίνδυνο και τέλος, υπάρχει μια συζήτηση για τη δυναμική του momentum ως μία κερδοφόρα επενδυτική στρατηγική. Το Κεφάλαιο 2 αποτελεί την πρώτη ερευνητική μελέτη αυτής της διατριβής, με τίτλο «Αισθάνοντας ασφαλείς με οδηγό την απόδοση: Ο αντίκτυπος του δείκτη Οικονομικής Ευαισθησίας στην απόδοση της Γερμανικής χρηματαγοράς». Αυτό το Κεφάλαιο παραθέτει την δυναμική του δείκτη οικονομικής ευαισθησίας για την Γερμανία ως κανόνα για να την καθοδήγηση του επενδυτή, και για το πώς ένας επενδυτής θα μπορούσε να ξεπεράσει σε απόδοση στην απλή βασική επενδυτική στρατηγική του αγοράζω και κρατάω, εκμεταλλευόμενος την στρατηγική της Ευαισθησίας για ένα πλήθος από υποπεριόδους από το 1990 έως το 2017. Επίσης, ο δείκτης Οικονομικής Ευαισθησίας επηρεάζει την απόδοση, την αποτίμηση των περιουσιακών στοιχείων, την διακύμανση και την απόδοση των ομολόγων, καθώς συνδυάζει οικονομικές κρίσεις, προσδοκίες και συμπεριφορές όλων των οικονομικών παραγόντων. Το Κεφάλαιο 3 βασίζεται στην απόδοση του momentum και στις αλλαγές των β του χαρτοφυλακίου μέσα στο χρόνο και στους κλάδους εταιρειών, με τίτλο «Καθοδηγούμενοι από τις αλλαγές των β του χαρτοφυλακίου και της δυναμικής των κλάδων των εταιρειών στην Αμερικανική χρηματαγορά. Εξηγώντας το momentum μέσα στο χρόνο και στους κλάδους εταιρειών». Αυτό το κεφάλαιο τεκμηριώνει μια προσεκτική και λεπτομερή ανάλυση των στοιχείων του δείκτη NASDAQ, που επιδιώκει να αξιολογήσει το ρόλο και τι οδηγεί την απόδοση του momentum χαρτοφυλακίου σε μια κατάλληλη και έγκαιρη επιλογή. Για το λόγο αυτό ακολουθώ μια τριπλή προσέγγιση. Εξετάζω τον ρόλο της απόδοσης του momentum χαρτοφυλακίου, του δείκτη β και του Sharpe σε διάφορες οικονομικές υποπεριόδους από τον Ιανουάριο του 1985 έως τον Δεκέμβριο του 2017, τα οποία αναγνωρίζονται από σαφή εξωγενή συμβάντα. Δεύτερον, μελετώ τα χρονικά μεταβαλλόμενα χαρακτηριστικά κλάδων εταιρειών των συνιστωσών του δείκτη και συζητώ την αύξηση της συμμετοχής των εταιρειών Υγειονομικής Περίθαλψης μετά το 2007/2008 στο δείκτη. Τρίτον, μελετώ προσεχτικά τον αντίκτυπο πολλαπλών χαρακτηριστικών των ίδιων των χαρτοφυλακίων και των θεμελιωδών μεγεθών τους, για να εξηγήσω την υπερβάλλουσα απόδοση του momentum. Τα ευρήματα επιβεβαιώνουν την πρόσφατη βιβλιογραφία για τη διαχείριση περιουσιακών στοιχείων και τις στρατηγικές momentum αναδύοντας για πρώτη φορά το υψηλότερο ποσοστό συμμετοχής των κλάδων στο momentum χαρτοφυλάκιο και το πώς όλα αυτά τα ευρήματα συνδέονται με την παραλλαγή των β και τις αναμενόμενες αποδόσεις του χαρτοφυλακίου σε όλες τις περιόδους. Το Κεφάλαιο 4 περιλαμβάνει την τελευταία ενότητα της διδακτορικής διατριβής μου με τίτλο «Η Εξέλιξη του Κινέζικου Χρηματιστηρίου: Μια Ανασκόπηση και μια Ιστορική Σύγκριση», που ασχολείται με ένα καινοτόμο θέμα: τα χαρακτηριστικά του Κινέζικου χρηματιστηρίου και τη σχέση του με άλλες χρηματοοικονομικές αγορές. Η καινοτομία δεν έγκειται στο ίδιο καθαυτού το αντικείμενο έρευνας αλλά στην προσέγγιση, που χρησιμοποιείται στις συγκρίσεις με άλλους δείκτες της αγοράς. Πρώτον, παρέχω μια λεπτομερέστατη ανασκόπηση της βιβλιογραφίας για την ιστορική εξέλιξη και τα χαρακτηριστικά του Κινέζικου χρηματιστηρίου εν γένει. Η ανασκόπηση καλύπτει κάθε πτυχή της Κινέζικης αγοράς που έχει εμφανιστεί μέχρι τώρα στη βιβλιογραφία και παρέχει ένα θεμελιώδες πλαίσιο για την υπόλοιπη ανάλυση. Αυτή η βιβλιογραφία καλύπτει την ενδοημερήσια Κινέζικη συναλλαγή, το ενδοημερήσιο momentum, τον ρόλο των circuit breakers στην Κινέζικη χρηματιστηριακή αγορά, τις από κοινού κινήσεις μεταξύ των διεθνών αγορών και τον Κινέζικο δείκτη ευαισθησίας. Για την κατανόηση των ομοιοτήτων και διαφορών μεταξύ των Κινέζικων κι άλλων αγορών, συνέλλεξα δεδομένα για έναν αριθμό από τους πιο δημοφιλείς δείκτες: ΗΠΑ (S & P500 και RUSSELL 1000), Γαλλία (CAC), Γερμανία (DAX) και Κίνα καλύπτοντας το Χονγκ Κονγκ και τη Σαγκάη ( HIS, SSE50, CSI300, CSI500 και SSE) και υπολογίζοντας τις αποδόσεις, τον πραγματικό κίνδυνο και τη συσχέτιση. Είναι σημαντικό το γεγονός ότι συμπεριέλαβα στην ανάλυση την εξέλιξη του δολαρίου και των δύο σημαντικότερων κρυπτονομισμάτων του Bitcoin και του Ethereum ως εναλλακτικές επενδύσεις. Η όλη ανάλυση βασίζεται σε ένα πολύ λεπτομερές ιστορικό διαχωρισμό δείγματος που στηρίζεται στις κρίσιμες ημερομηνίες των ΗΠΑ, της Κίνας και της περιόδου Covid-19. Αυτή η διατριβή στοχεύει να αναδείξει τη σημασία των επενδυτικών στρατηγικών και αποφάσεων σε διάφορες χρηματοοικονομικές αγορές, τα χαρακτηριστικά των αγορών και τις συμπεριφορές των επενδυτών. Αυτό επιτυγχάνεται φέρνοντας διάσημες και διαχρονικές επενδυτικές στρατηγικές, όπως τον δείκτη Οικονομικής Ευαισθησίας και το momentum. Τέλος, αποδίδετε μία πλήρες δομημένη προσέγγιση στον τομέα των επενδυτικών αποφάσεων παρέχοντας λύσεις και αιτιολογίες για την εξέλιξη των διεθνών αγορών καθώς και ποια αγορά παρέχει την καλύτερη σχέση απόδοσης κινδύνου.

Competitive dynamics in the operating systems market: Modeling and policy implications

With the rapid development of the electric vehicle market, the Chinese Automobile industry has ushered in a huge development opportunity. BYD, as the leader of China's electric vehicles, has also achieved remarkable results. However, the fierce market competition and ever-changing consumer demand also brought challenges to BYD. Therefore, to maintain its advantages in the fiercely competitive market environment, BYD needs to formulate marketing strategies that suit its characteristics and further improve its core competitiveness. This study will focus on analyzing BYD's marketing strategy in the Chinese market and explore the reasons for BYD's rapid development in recent years. Firstly, SWOT analysis will be used to evaluate BYD's internal and external factors, and Porter's Five Forces analysis and PEST analysis will be used to analyze BYD's competition and macro factors in the current Chinese market. This will help BYD find a suitable strategic development direction. Finally, this research will propose development suggestions for BYD in the Chinese market, such as optimizing sales channels and shifting digital centers, to help BYD maintain its leading position in the fierce market competition. These suggestions can also be used as a reference for other EV manufacturers.

Problem setting. Ukraine has long paid considerable attention to the creation of legal prerequisites for the establishment and operation of relevant institutions authorized to protect and ensure competition in the electricity market of Ukraine. This is highlighted in several regulatory legal acts. However, as of now, the formation of a fully competitive electricity market in our country has not been completed, which is associated, among other things, with some problems in the activities of relevant authorized bodies in this area. Thus, there is a need to study the issue of legal regulation of the activities of bodies authorized to ensure the protection of competition in the electricity market, identify the main problematic issues and make proposals for improving legislation in this area. Analysis of recent research and publications. Some individual aspects of the issue of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine have been given attention in the works of Ukrainian scientists. S. Hlibko, A. Chupryna, I. Podrez-Ryapolova studied the problems of sustainable innovative development of the energy system and the role of investment funds in stimulating investments in energy-efficient, renewable, and innovative technologies, which corresponds to Ukraine’s European integration aspirations. D.K. Tkach considered the directions of reforming the electricity market, which began in July 2019, etc. Of course, foreign scientists also paid attention to the issues of the electricity market in the work of Bowen W., Hill E., Thomas A., Liu R., Henning M. the issue of the impact of deregulated electricity markets on consumer prices using the example of individual states of the United States of America was studied. However, despite the large number of publications on this issue, there remain a number of issues that require further development, in particular, legal regulation of the definition of the powers of relevant bodies in ensuring the development and protection of competition in the electricity market in Ukraine. Purpose of the research is to research into the main problems of regulatory and legal regulation of the activities of authorized bodies the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Commission for State Regulation in the Energy and Utilities Sectors, in the field of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine. The article was carried out within the framework of the fundamental research topic “Theoretical and legal foundations of innovative development of the energy system of Ukraine”, state registration number 0124U005149. Article’s main body. In Ukraine, a number of regulatory provisions stipulate that the main body in the field of competition protection is the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine, which is endowed with relevant powers, including in the field of electricity. Another body that, in accordance with the legislation, has some powers to ensure competition in the electricity market of Ukraine is the National Commission for State Regulation in the Energy and Utilities Sectors. The article is devoted to the study of the issue of legal regulation of the powers of the above-mentioned authorized bodies and their delimitation. The main aspects and some examples of the implementation of the powers of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Commission for State Regulation in the Energy and Utilities Sectors in the field of competition protection in the electricity market are presented. The main problematic points in terms of legal regulation of the functions, rights and obligations of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Commission for State Regulation in the Energy and Utilities Sectors are identified. Examples of the negative impact on law enforcement practice of some problems of legal regulation of the powers of state bodies in the field of competition protection in the electricity market are given. Conclusions and prospects for the development. One of the most important elements of ensuring competition in the electricity market are the relevant state institutions. The authorized bodies in ensuring the development and protection of competition in the electricity market in Ukraine are the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine and the National Commission for State Regulation in the Energy and Utilities Sectors. At the same time, for a long time, in the issue of the activities of the above-mentioned bodies, there have been problems related to avoiding duplication of powers by both bodies, or vice versa preventing the risk of being removed from resolving specific problematic issues in the field of protection of competition in the electricity market, transferring responsibility to another body. This situation does not contribute to the proper protection of competition in the studied industry, and therefore requires detailed regulatory regulation.

Problem setting. Ukraine has long paid significant attention to creating legal prerequisites for the existence and ensuring competition in the Ukrainian electricity market. This is emphasized in a number of regulatory legal acts, the main of which is the Law of Ukraine "On the Electricity Market" dated April 13, 2017 No. 2019-VIII. At the same time, as of now, the formation of a fully competitive electricity market in our country has not been completed. Thus, there is a need to study the issue of legal regulation of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine, the main prerequisites, reasons and advantages of the transition to a competitive electricity market, as well as the importance of European integration processes for the appropriate legal regulation of these social relations. Analysis of recent research and publications. Some separate aspects of the issue of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine are addressed in the works of Rekova N.Yu., Bilenka Yu.O. [11], Pavlov K.V., Pavlova O.M., Romanyuk R.V. [10], Zrobok O.O. [13] and others. At the same time, the issue of using the regulatory framework and instruments to create and ensure competition in the electricity market of Ukraine requires more detailed research as a separate phenomenon, including in the aspect of harmonizing Ukrainian legislation with EU directives in the relevant field. Purpose of the research is to study the issue of regulatory and legal regulation of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine, the main prerequisites, reasons and advantages of the transition to a competitive electricity market, including in the aspect of European integration processes and relevant obligations undertaken by Ukraine. The article was carried out within the framework of the fundamental research topic "Theoretical and legal foundations of innovative development of the energy system of Ukraine", state registration number 0124U005149. Article’s main body. Ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine is an important task of the state, not only in view of the obligations assumed before the European Union, but also in order to ensure diversification, sustainable development and well-being of the population. Of course, given the significant destruction of the energy infrastructure, the primary goal at present is its restoration and stabilization. However, even in the presence of these circumstances, the issue of the legal basis for ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine during the post-war recovery period remains quite important. The article is devoted to the study of the issue of legal regulation of ensuring competition in the electricity market of Ukraine, the main prerequisites for the introduction of appropriate legal regulation in Ukraine. In addition, the issue of the influence of European integration processes, as well as the synchronization of the Ukrainian power system with the European Network of Transmission System Operators, on the formation of an appropriate legal framework regulating the issues of guaranteeing and ensuring competition in the electricity market was investigated. The advantages of creating and maintaining a competitive electricity market in Ukraine are investigated, as well as the main challenges facing our state on the path to completing the creation of a corresponding competitive market.Conclusions and prospects for the development. In Ukraine, along with regulatory provisions, the implementation of activities (except for energy transmission and distribution) in the electric power industry has been declared on a competitive basis, and a number of market mechanisms and instruments have been provided to ensure such competition and prevent abuse of a monopoly position. Considerable attention to this issue is explained by a number of reasons, including socio-economic (ensuring the well-being of the population, embedding the price of electricity in the cost of most goods, works and services, etc.), as well as international obligations assumed by Ukraine within the framework of the Treaty establishing the Energy Community and the Association Agreement between Ukraine, of the one part, and the European Union, the European Atomic Energy Community and their Member States, of the other part.

In response to the pressing global issue of climate change and the growing emphasis on transitioning to electric vehicles (EVs), this research undertakes a comprehensive comparative analysis of two prominent players in the EV industry, Tesla and NIO. The study primarily centers on evaluating various dimensions of these two companies, encompassing their developmental trajectories, market shares, technological innovations, policy support, sustainability endeavors, brand images, and future outlook. The research methodology involves a mixed-method approach, integrating elements of literature review, case analysis, and statistical data analysis. This approach ensures a well-rounded investigation into the subject matter. Tesla, with its longer history and a more extensive global manufacturing presence, has established a dominant position within the electric vehicle market. Notable strengths include its unwavering commitment to technological innovation, resulting in significant market share, substantial delivery volumes, and robust revenues. Additionally, Tesla's brand recognition sets it apart as an industry leader. Conversely, NIO, though a relative newcomer, has carved out a niche primarily in the Chinese EV market. Despite financial challenges and limited international reach, NIO has exhibited promise through its innovative products and governmental support in China. Tesla is poised to continue expanding globally and pushing the boundaries of EV technology. Its strong brand image and emphasis on innovation are key assets. NIO aims to enhance its international competitiveness and further innovate its product offerings. Its success in the Chinese market, coupled with ongoing technological advancements, positions it for future growth.

Consumers are increasingly turning to electric vehicles to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to avoid the rising cost of gas vehicles. The global electric vehicle market is expanding sharply, especially the new electric vehicle market in China. This article presents Tesla, NIO, and Xpeng's market value of equity, the market value of debt, and other data based on their financial reports. This article also compares and analyzes the financial performance of these three companies and makes effective investment recommendations for investors. Investors are advised to invest in Tesla with confidence because the company is anticipated to have steady growth and prosperity in the Chinese electric vehicles market. When Xpeng and NIO are compared, it is clear that NIO has a more steady development trajectory. Investors used to make wise investments will be drawn to it because of its low equity beta. Additionally, it demonstrates that it outperforms Xpeng in terms of corporate management, sales model, and design. On the other hand, Xpeng has not demonstrated enough advantages to draw in investors.

Turkey is one of major successful European and global players in the automotive market, and its domestic automotive market is a vivid example of a rapid recovery from economic crises. In 2020, Turkey became the only European country to increase domestic car sales compared to the previous year. To identify the reasons for these successes, the authors analyze Turkish automotive market for 2012-2022, the dynamics of competitive situation in the market as a whole and within the leading group of automotive manufacturers, as well as the actions of automakers and the Turkish government. The Linda index (to determine the core of the market and key players), the SV (strength/variety) matrix to analyze the dynamics of competition in the market under consideration, as well as the Herfindahl-Hirschman coefficient were used as research methods. The study shows that (1) macroeconomic events that affected the absolute level of car sales did not significantly affect the distribution of market shares among the leading players; (2) the strategy for mutually beneficial cooperation with global automotive holdings, when Turkey created joint ventures with foreign firms allowed the country to ensure sustainable competitiveness in the world market; (3) the competitive situation in Turkish automotive market over the past 10 years is characterized by a highly dynamic behavior of leaders, a stable growth of their aggregate market share, increasing differentiation between the main players.

Government policies that contain incentives have promoted the development of China’s electric vehicle (EV) market from its inception. However, following the dramatic evolution of the EV market, the incentives impose a considerable burden on the State. It is time to consider abolishing various policy incentives. This paper uses the discrete choice experiment (DCE) model to study how consumer behaviours are influenced by the different policies. A system dynamics simulation model is constructed to simulate long-term EV development trends while considering the impacts of these policies. The simulations use the results from the DCE model to measure the sensitivity to policy changes of consumer purchase intentions (measured by consumers’ willingness to purchase EVs). Finally, in relation to likely future policy trends, this study designs policy portfolio scenarios that are a strong mix, mid-mix, weak mix, or fully market-oriented with varied timing for policy implementation, and that are likely to affect the growth of China’s EV market. The results of the simulation indicate that the optimal policies: (1) continue to increase government expenditure and support for the construction of charging facilities; (2) make charging more accessible and convenient; and (3) implement bans on the sale of fossil-fuelled cars. The results also show that the ideal timing for banning the sale of fossil-fuelled cars and, in parallel, cancelling current incentive policies (e.g. consumer purchase subsidies) is around 2025. These changes could reduce government expenditure and thus confer substantial financial savings, and they would effectively promote a significant increase in EV sales. Key policy insights Increasing support for the construction of charging facilities, improving the access and convenience of charging, and implementing bans on the sale of fossil-fuelled cars could increase consumer willingness to purchase EVs in China. Support for the construction of basic charging facilities should continue to increase and accelerate leading up to 2025; this would promote a significant increase in EV sales. To send clear near-term signals to the EV market – both consumers and producers, the Chinese government could usefully implement a ban on the sale of fossil-fuelled cars by around 2025 and in parallel abolish the current incentives policy for EVs. Abolishing current policy incentives (e.g. subsidies and VAT tax exemption) in the same time frame as other policies (e.g. support for charging infrastructure and a ban on fossil-fuelled cars), could lead to substantial financial savings to the government and a rapid scaling in the market for EVs. Lessons learned from China’s potentially large and rapidly growing EV market will have implications for other countries in Asia and beyond.

Purpose The purpose of this research is to investigate the key factors influencing the adoption of sustainability analytics in manufacturing organisations and to explore its impact on green innovation and market competitiveness. By examining corporate social responsibility (CSR), stakeholder pressures, regulatory demands and competitive dynamics, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how these forces shape the integration of sustainability analytics. Additionally, the research seeks to highlight the role of these analytics in improving environmental performance, fostering sustainable practices and enhancing business competitiveness. The study offers insights for businesses to strategically adopt sustainability analytics and align with sustainable development goals. Design/methodology/approach This study analyses how sustainability analytics in manufacturing organisations affect environmental impact and sustainable development. A questionnaire was presented to 248 managers and department heads. The SmartPLS algorithm analysed the data. Findings The study reveals that CSR, stakeholder pressures, regulatory demands and competitive dynamics significantly drive the adoption of sustainability analytics. These analytics enhance green innovation by enabling eco-friendly product development and process improvements while also boosting market competitiveness through operational efficiency and differentiation. Quantitatively, CSR, stakeholder, regulatory and competitive factors explain 61.4% of sustainability analytics adoption, which accounts for 10.7% of green innovation and 22.9% of market competitiveness variability. The findings emphasise the strategic importance of sustainability analytics as a tool to address external pressures, foster innovation, and improve market positioning, supporting sustainable and competitive business practices. Research limitations/implications The study has several limitations. It focuses solely on manufacturing companies in Jordan, limiting the generalisability of its findings to other industries or regions with different regulatory and stakeholder contexts. The reliance on self-reported data introduces potential bias, as responses may be influenced by social desirability or subjective interpretations of sustainability practices. The study also does not deeply explore internal organisational factors, such as culture or technical capabilities, which may mediate sustainability analytics adoption. Additionally, it does not quantify the precise benefits or timeframes for performance improvements, nor does it compare companies that adopt sustainability analytics with those that do not. Practical implications The research offers crucial practical implications for businesses and policymakers. Companies should proactively integrate sustainability analytics into their strategies to address CSR, stakeholder expectations and regulatory demands while enhancing competitiveness. Managers can leverage analytics to improve operational efficiency, foster green innovation and differentiate their brand in the market. Policymakers are encouraged to develop supportive frameworks, such as tax incentives or subsidies, to promote the adoption of sustainable practices. Collaboration among businesses, academics and governments can standardise sustainability analytics measures, improving their legitimacy and effectiveness. Overall, the study highlights the transformative potential of sustainability analytics in achieving environmental, social and economic goals. Social implications The study underscores significant social implications by emphasising the role of sustainability analytics in fostering accountability, transparency and ethical business practices. By integrating these analytics, organisations can better address societal expectations for environmental protection, resource conservation and community engagement. CSR initiatives supported by sustainability analytics enhance trust among stakeholders, including customers, employees and investors, fostering a positive corporate image. Additionally, the adoption of sustainable practices contributes to the well-being of communities by reducing environmental harm and promoting social equity. This research highlights the importance of businesses adopting data-driven strategies to align their operations with societal and environmental needs. Originality/value The article’s value lies in its comprehensive framework linking CSR, stakeholder pressures, regulatory demands and competitive dynamics with sustainability analytics adoption, providing actionable insights for businesses and policymakers. Its originality stems from addressing research gaps by exploring both the drivers and dual impacts of sustainability analytics on green innovation and market competitiveness. Focusing on emerging economies like Jordan adds unique context, often overlooked in sustainability research. The study integrates institutional and stakeholder theories with dynamic organisational capabilities, offering a novel contribution to sustainability and data analytics literature while emphasising the strategic importance of sustainability analytics for environmental and economic success.

Business Ecosystems (BEs) are, fundamentally, interaction systems of independent yet mutually dependent actors, but few studies have investigated the dynamic capabilities among the ecosystem stakeholders that drive the co-evolution process. To address this research gap, this paper explores the ecosystem stakeholder dynamics that influence firms in the automotive technology business ecosystem of Hefei, China. Guided by a proposed BE framework and using an exploratory abductive approach, qualitative data from semi-structured interviews were collected and analysed. After data collection and analysis of three Chinese electric vehicle case studies, the main findings of this paper are as follows. We introduce a Business Ecosystem Capabilities Framework (BECF) consisting of the Business Ecosystem Capabilities (BECs) at each phase of ecosystem development and the Business Ecosystem Dynamic Capabilities (BEDCs) that enable the ecosystem to transform to the next phase. Business Ecosystem Capabilities have four dimensions – Ecosystem Fertility, Ecosystem Enrichment, Ecosystem Strengthening, and Ecosystem Connectivity – with 12 subdimensions. The study provides valuable contributions to academics, consultants, and managers interested in BEs while also extending the literature on the emerging electric vehicle market currently disrupting the established automotive ecosystem.