The Dynamic Fluctuation of Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus Ferrugineus (Olivier) in Makkah Al-Mukarramah city

Abstract

The red palm weevil(RPW),Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) is one of the most threatening pests of date palm trees in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Which considered as category Iinsect pest in the Gulf region and the Middle East, according toFood and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Therefore, this research was planned to study the dynamic fluctuation of RPW, its relationship to some environmental factors (temperature & relative humidity) and to determine sexual ratio in Makkah city during 2019. In addition to clarifying color preference by using food bait pheromone traps (FBPTs). The results revealedthe presence of RPW throughout the year, with significant differences in numerical densities according to different collection times. The study also recorded the highest population density during April & March, and it was the highest significantly compared to that were collected during July, October, August and September. The study also recorded two peaks of RPW activity throughout the year. A major summit in April and a smaller summit in December. Statistical analysis results showed that the RPW has significant activity at spring compared to the other seasons, while the least active for RPW was at autumn.The results also showed a negative significant correlation between the mean population density of RPW and temperature; and a positive non-significant correlation between seasonal abundance and relative humidity, with significant differences between the mean of male and female with ratio(1:3), respectively. Black traps were more effective and significantly in attracting RPW than other tested colors.