The dual role of digital literacy in EFL writing: Unmasking its direct and self-efficacy-mediated effects on anxiety among Chinese tertiary learners.

To describe the prevalence of psychological distress in rural China and examine the associated influence of social support, lifestyle and functional disability. Cross-sectional survey with two-stage stratified random sampling. Twenty-seven villages in Dongying City of Shandong Province. A total of 2541 rural residents aged 15-91 years. Psychological distress was assessed by the Kessler 10, social support was assessed by the Social Support Rating Scale and lifestyle and functional disability was assessed with self-developed questionnaires. Of the rural residents assessed, 32.9% had K10 scores of 16 or greater. Women scored significantly higher than men did on the K10 (t ((2539)) = 7.23, P < 0.001). Functional disability was found to have a direct positive effect on psychological distress. Lifestyle had a direct negative effect on psychological distress and an indirect negative effect on psychological distress by reducing functional disability. Social support had an indirect negative effect on psychological distress by reducing functional disability and enhancing healthy lifestyles. A third of the rural population in China reported psychological distress, with the highest prevalence observed in women. Functional disability had a significant direct effect, social support had significant indirect effects and lifestyle had both significant direct and indirect effects on psychological distress.

The sudden shift to online remote learning prompted by COVID-19 plunged many Indonesian universities into chaos. They grappled with the daunting task of adjusting to remote teaching and learning, often with little to no prior experience. This was particularly challenging because most universities in Indonesia follow traditional methods, primarily conducting classes in person on campus. This study seeks to empirically explore the indirect effects of digital literacy on operational accounting competencies. Furthermore, it aims to investigate whether student engagement in online learning serves as a mediating variable in the relationship between digital literacy and operational competence among fifth and seventh-semester Accounting Sharia students at Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) KH Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan, Indonesia. The study generates survey data using a predesigned questionnaire completed by 113 students. Data are analyzed using descriptive analyses and PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modeling). The statistical test results indicate that (1) digital literacy has no direct positive significant effect on operational accounting competencies (2) digital literacy has a direct positive significant effect on online student engagement, (3) online student engagement has a direct effect on operational accounting competencies, and (4) digital literacy indirectly influences operational accounting competencies through student engagement in online learning. These findings suggest a full mediation model because digital literacy can enhance operational accounting competencies only if students have high engagement in online learning.

IntroductionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, safe-distancing measures resulted in many community-dwelling older adults being socially isolated and lonely, with its attending negative impact on wellbeing and quality of life. While digital technology may have mitigated this, older adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be digitally excluded and hence susceptible to the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness. This study aims to understand the factors that affect digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to participate in a digital literacy program (DLP), and to test the hypothesized relations between digital literacy, social connectedness, loneliness, wellbeing, and quality of life amongst community dwelling older adults of low SES.Materials and methodsA questionnaire assessing digital literacy, social connectedness, wellbeing and quality of life was administered. Socio-demographic variables, pre-existing internet-enabled, and willingness to participate in a home-based DLP was also collected. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic factors associated with digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to enroll in a DLP. Serial mediation analysis was also performed using a structural equation model framework.ResultsA total of 302 participants were recruited. Female gender, older age, lower education levels were associated with lower digital literacy. Those who owned a smartphone tended to be younger and better educated. Older adults who were better educated, of Chinese descent (the ethnic majority in Singapore), and who had lower digital literacy, were most willing to enroll in the digital literacy education program. Social-use digital literacy had a positive indirect effect on well-being () and Quality of life (), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness. In contrast, instrumental-use digital literacy had a negative indirect effect on well-being () and Quality of life (), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness.DiscussionThe results suggest there are demographic barriers to participation in DLPs and highlight the benefit of focusing on enhancing social-use digital literacy. Further study is needed to evaluate how well specific interventions to improve social-use digital literacy help to reduce social isolation and loneliness, and ultimately improve wellbeing and quality of life.

The purpose of this study was to develope and test the structural model for depression in middle-aged women. A hypothetical model was constructed on the basis of previous studies and a review of literatures. The conceptual framework was built around eight constructs. Exogenous variables included in this model were volunteer activity, health status & economic status. Endogenous variables were meaning of life, self-esteem, perceived life stress & depression. Empirical data for testing the hypothetical model was collected using a self-report questionnaire from 216 middle-aged women in Pusan City. The Data was collected from May to June, 1999. Reliability of the seven instruments tested with Cronbach's alpha was ranged from .86-.94. For the data analysis, SPSS 7.5 WIN Program and LISREL 8.12 WIN Program were used for descriptive statistics and covariance structural analysis. The results of covariance structure analysis were as follows: 1. The hypothetical model showed a good fit with the empirical data. [/df=2.87(p=.72), GFI=1.00, AGFI=.98, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized residuals ()]. 2. To heighten for the parsimony and fitness of the model, a modified model was constructed by deleting according to the criteria of statistical significance and meaning. 3. The modified model also showed a good fit with the data. [=5.26(01=7,p=.63), GFI=.99, AGFl=.97, RMSR=.025, NFI=.99, standardized reslduals ()] Results of the testing of the hypothesis were as follows : 1. Self-esteem(=-.48, t=-5.64) had a negative and perceived life stress(=.20, t=3.21)had a positive direct effect on depression. Meaning of life had a negative direct(=-.17, t=-2.19) and a negative indirect effect through self-esteem on depression. Volunteer activity had a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Health status had a negative direct and a negative indirect effect through meaning of life, meaning of life and self-esteem on depression. Economic status had a negative indirect effect through perceived life stress on depression. Self-esteem was the most significant variable. 2. Volunteer activity(=.43, t=6.78) and health status(=.35, t=4.88) had positive direct effect on meaning of life. 3. Meaning of life(=.50, t=6.53) had a positive direct effect on self-esteem. Volunteer activity had a positive indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Health status had a positive direct(=.18, t=2.23) and a indirect effect through meaning of life on self-esteem. Meaning of life was the most significant variable. 4. Economic status (=-.44, t값=-6.01) had a positive direct effect on perceived life stress. The results of this study showed that self-esteem had the most significant direct effect on depression. Meaning of life and health status had significant direct effect on this self-esteem. Volunteer activity and health status had direct effect on meaning of life. The results of this study suggested that there is a need to develope intervention to promote degree of self-esteem and alleviate degree of depression in middle-aged women.

This study was a survey study aiming to test a model explaining the direct and indirect relationships of the influencing factors of intention to leave nursing profession. The conceptual framework was developed based on research literature review and push-and pull-factors. Stratified two stages sampling was used to recruit the sample. They were 405 registered nurses providing direct nursing care in main unit and work experience greater than three months, from nine regional hospitals in all regions of Thailand. Subjects completed eight self-administered questionnaires. All questionnaires demonstrated an acceptable content and construct validity, and reliability. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistic and a linear structural relationship (LISREL) 8.53. The findings revealed that the hypothesized model fit the empirical data and explained 45% of the variance of intention to leave nursing profession (χ2= 152.67, df= 127, p=0.06, χ2/df=1.20, GFI=0.96, CFI=1.00, RMSEA=0.022, SRMR =0.038, AGFI=0.94). Burnout was the most influential factor on intention to leave nursing profession which it had positive direct effect (.37, p&lt;.05) and had positive indirect effect on intention to leave nursing profession through job satisfaction and professional commitment (.07, p&lt;.05). Professional commitment had negative direct effect on intention to leave nursing profession (-.25, p&lt;.05). Work-family conflict had positive direct effect on intention to leave nursing profession (.47, p&lt;.05) and had positive direct effect on burnout (.17, p&lt;.05), additionally, it had positive indirect effect through job satisfaction and professional commitment (.22, p&lt;.05). Employment opportunity had positive direct effect on intention to leave nursing profession (.08, p&lt;.05). Job satisfaction had no significant direct effect on intention to leave nursing profession, on the other hand had negative indirect effect through professional commitment (-.07, p&lt;.05). Nurse practice environment had no significant negative direct effect on intention to leave nursing profession, on the other hand had negative indirect effect through professional commitment (-.22, p&lt;.05). These findings demonstrated that the highest impact factors influencing intention to leave nursing profession was burnout followed by professional commitment and work-family conflict, respectively. Therefore, identifying these factors is crucial in order to develop workforce planning and creating fit strategies to retain and prevent early leaving nursing workforce.

This study examines digital leadership's direct and indirect effects on digital literacy, innovative work behavior, and employee performance. The research included survey data from 555 salespeople in the retail sector, examined by least squares structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that digital leadership has a significant and positive direct effect on digital literacy, innovative work behavior, and work performance. Additionally, digital leadership also exerts indirect influence on work performance through the sequential mediation of digital literacy and innovative work behavior. Furthermore, the study identifies digital literacy as a significant moderator in the relationships between digital leadership and both innovative behavior and performance. The results of importance-performance map analysis indicate that boosting the performance of retail salespeople necessitates prioritizing digital leadership development solutions. These insights provide retail managers with the understanding necessary to discover mechanisms and settings that foster innovative behavior and enhance salesperson performance.

Triggered by the organizational restructuring of PT Indoperta Jawa Timur, this is a study of the influence of employee commitment, competence and work motivation on job satisfaction and employee performance. Uses an explanatory approach with quantitative and qualitative methods with descriptive analysis and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of AMOS applications. The results obtained are there positive and significant influence between employee commitment variables on employee job satisfaction. That employee competence shows a positive direct effect on employee job satisfaction. That employee work motivation shows a positive but not significant direct effect on job satisfaction. That employee commitment shows a significant positive direct effect on employee performance. However, employee commitment is not a parameter in measuring employee performance through job satisfaction variables. That the competency variable shows a negative and insignificant direct effect on employee performance. This is the indirect effect through job satisfaction. Work motivation shows a positive and insignificant direct effect on employee performance. Likewise, the indirect influence through job satisfaction. Job satisfaction has a positive direct effect but not significant on employee performance.

We examined relationships between nurses' work system, safety-related performance, and outcomes based on a modified Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 408 nurses from 2 general hospitals. Data on work system factors (person, organization, environment, tools, and task), processes (safety-related performance), and outcomes (staff and clinical outcomes) were collected. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationships between nurses' work system factors, safety-related processes, and outcomes. Structural equation modeling yielded a comparative fit index of 0.918, standardized root mean square residual of 0.055, and root mean square error of approximation of 0.054, indicating an acceptable model fit. The person factor had a significant positive direct effect on nurses' safety-related performance, and significant negative direct and indirect effects on the clinical outcome. The organization factor had significant positive direct effects on nurses' safety-related performance and staff outcome, and a negative indirect effect on the clinical outcome. The task factor had a significant positive direct effect on staff outcome. However, the environment and tools factors had no significant effects on safety-related performance or outcomes. The findings demonstrated the usefulness of the Systems Engineering Initiative on Patient Safety model to explain safety-related performance and outcomes, indicating differential effects of work system factors. Although the person factor significantly affected safety performance and clinical outcomes, the organization factor was the most influential component for promoting safety-related performance and staff and clinical outcomes. These results can be used to prioritize activities for patient safety.

The effect of mothers' digital health literacy on fever management: The mediating role of perceived maternal self-efficacy.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, safe-distancing measures resulted in many community-dwelling older adults being socially isolated and lonely, with its attending negative impact on wellbeing and quality of life. While digital technology may have mitigated this, older adults of low socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to be digitally excluded and hence susceptible to the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness. This study aims to understand the factors that affect digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to participate in a digital literacy program (DLP), and to test the hypothesized relations between digital literacy, social connectedness, loneliness, wellbeing, and quality of life amongst community dwelling older adults of low SES. A questionnaire assessing digital literacy, social connectedness, wellbeing and quality of life was administered. Socio-demographic variables, pre-existing internet-enabled, and willingness to participate in a home-based DLP was also collected. Logistic regression was used to identify demographic factors associated with digital literacy, smartphone ownership, and willingness to enroll in a DLP. Serial mediation analysis was also performed using a structural equation model framework. A total of 302 participants were recruited. Female gender, older age, lower education levels were associated with lower digital literacy. Those who owned a smartphone tended to be younger and better educated. Older adults who were better educated, of Chinese descent (the ethnic majority in Singapore), and who had lower digital literacy, were most willing to enroll in the digital literacy education program. Social-use digital literacy had a positive indirect effect on well-being ([Formula: see text]) and Quality of life ([Formula: see text]), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness. In contrast, instrumental-use digital literacy had a negative indirect effect on well-being ([Formula: see text]) and Quality of life ([Formula: see text]), mediated by social connectedness and loneliness. The results suggest there are demographic barriers to participation in DLPs and highlight the benefit of focusing on enhancing social-use digital literacy. Further study is needed to evaluate how well specific interventions to improve social-use digital literacy help to reduce social isolation and loneliness, and ultimately improve wellbeing and quality of life.

BackgroundPhysical and emotional abuse of children is a large scale problem in South Africa, with severe negative outcomes for survivors. Although chronic household illness has shown to be a predictor for physical and emotional abuse, no research has thus far investigated the different pathways from household chronic illness to child abuse victimisation in South Africa.MethodsConfidential self-report questionnaires using internationally utilised measures were completed by children aged 10-17 (n = 3515, 56.7% female) using door-to-door sampling in randomly selected areas in rural and urban locations of South Africa. Follow-up surveys were conducted a year later (96.7% retention rate). Using multiple mediation analyses, this study investigated direct and indirect effects of chronic household illness (AIDS or other illness) on frequent (monthly) physical and emotional abuse victimisation with poverty and extent of the ill person’s disability as hypothesised mediators.ResultsFor children in AIDS-ill families, a positive direct effect on physical abuse was obtained. In addition, positive indirect effects through poverty and disability were established. For boys, a positive direct and indirect effect of AIDS-illness on emotional abuse through poverty were detected. For girls, a positive indirect effect through poverty was observed. For children in households with other chronic illness, a negative indirect effect on physical abuse was obtained. In addition, a negative indirect effect through poverty and positive indirect effect through disability was established. For boys, positive and negative indirect effects through poverty and disability were found respectively. For girls, a negative indirect effect through poverty was observed.ConclusionsThese results indicate that children in families affected by AIDS-illness are at higher risk of child abuse victimisation, and this risk is mediated by higher levels of poverty and disability. Children affected by other chronic illness are at lower risk for abuse victimisation unless they are subject to higher levels of household disability. Interventions aiming to reduce poverty and increase family support may help prevent child abuse in families experiencing illness in South Africa.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1792-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Structural equation modeling is an advanced multivariate statistical process with which a researcher can construct theoretical concepts, test their measurement reliability, hypothesize and test a theory about their relationships, take into account measurement errors, and consider both direct and indirect effects of variables on one another. Latent variables are theoretical concepts that unite phenomena under a single term, e.g., ecosystem health, environmental condition, and pollution (Bollen, 1989). Latent variables are not measured directly but can be expressed in terms of one or more directly measurable variables called indicators. For some researchers, defining, constructing, and examining the validity of latent variables may be the end task of itself. For others, testing hypothesized relationships of latent variables may be of interest. We analyzed the correlation matrix of eleven environmental variables from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program for Estuaries (EMAP-E) using methods of structural equation modeling. We hypothesized and tested a conceptual model to characterize the interdependencies between four latent variables-sediment contamination, natural variability, biodiversity, and growth potential. In particular, we were interested in measuring the direct, indirect, and total effects of sediment contamination and natural variability on biodiversity and growth potential. The model fit the data well and accounted for 81% of the variability in biodiversity and 69% of the variability in growth potential. It revealed a positive total effect of natural variability on growth potential that otherwise would have been judged negative had we not considered indirect effects. That is, natural variability had a negative direct effect on growth potential of magnitude −0.3251 and a positive indirect effect mediated through biodiversity of magnitude 0.4509, yielding a net positive total effect of 0.1258. Natural variability had a positive direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.5347 and a negative indirect effect mediated through growth potential of magnitude −0.1105 yielding a positive total effects of magnitude 0.4242. Sediment contamination had a negative direct effect on biodiversity of magnitude −0.1956 and a negative indirect effect on growth potential via biodiversity of magnitude −0.067. Biodiversity had a positive effect on growth potential of magnitude 0.8432, and growth potential had a positive effect on biodiversity of magnitude 0.3398. The correlation between biodiversity and growth potential was estimated at 0.7658 and that between sediment contamination and natural variability at −0.3769.

To test the causal relationships among the components of sociodemographic (age, gender, education, and income), illness characteristics (duration of illness, severity of illness, and comorbid diseases), and self-management ability, and health status in the model of health status of patients with heart failure (HSHF). : Descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants were 400 heart failure patients hospitalized or attending an out patient clinic at six hospitals in southern Thailand. A survey-interview method was used for data collection. Questionnaires were related to study factors including sociodemographics, duration of illness, the New York Heart Association Functional Classification (NYHA-FC), the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI), the Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36). The relationship of the study variables was tested and modified under the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique by using LISREL. The initial hypothesized model did not fit the data. The modified model adequately fit the data and accounted for 64% of the variance in health status. Age had a direct negative effect on health status (beta = -0.20, P < 0.01) and had an indirect negative effect on health status through self-management ability, severity of illness and comorbid disease (beta = -0.13, P < 0.01). Education had a direct positive effect on health status (beta = 0.12, P < 0.01). Gender and income had indirect negative effects on health status through severity of illness (beta = -0.05; -0.05, P < 0.05). Duration of illness had an indirect positive effect on health status through self-management ability (beta = 0.09, P < 0.05). Severity of illness and comorbid disease had a direct negative effect on health status (beta = -0.31; -0.16, P < 0.01, respectively) and indirect negative effect on health status through self-management ability (beta = -0.06; -0.05, P < 0.05, respectively). Self-management ability had a direct positive effect on health status (beta = 0.38, P < 0.01). This model provides a guideline for explaining and predicting health status of patients with heart failure. Continuity care programs promoting self-management ability should be developed and implemented both in hospital-based and home-based settings in order to improve health status.

The psychological problems among the youth population have received widespread attention in the information age. However, little research has been conducted on the effects and mechanisms of worldview on depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among youth. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between worldview and DAS among youth. The aim of this study is to investigate the current state of worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS in Chinese youth groups, and to explore the relationship between youth worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS. A total of 2,351 Chinese youths completed questionnaires measuring their worldview, psychological flexibility, and DAS levels. The data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The impact of youth worldview on DAS was sophisticated. Positive worldview had a negative direct predictive effect on DAS, as well as a negative indirect predictive effect mediated by psychological flexibility. Traditional worldview had a positive direct predictive effect on DAS, a negative indirect predictive effect mediated by psychological flexibility, and a positive total predictive effect. Spontaneous worldview only had positive indirect predictive effects on DAS. Pessimistic worldview had positive direct effects on DAS and indirect effects mediated by psychological flexibility. Policymakers, psychologists, and educators working with youth should carefully consider the implications of these results for education, employment, and mental health.

A causal model of health-related quality of life in colorectal cancer patients post-surgery