Abstract
Hypertension is a growing global epidemic. Developmental programming resulting in hypertension can begin in early life. Maternal nutrition status has important implications as a double-edged sword in the developmental programming of hypertension. Imbalanced maternal nutrition causes offspring’s hypertension, while specific nutritional interventions during pregnancy and lactation may serve as reprogramming strategies to reverse programming processes and prevent the development of hypertension. In this review, we first summarize the human and animal data supporting the link between maternal nutrition and developmental programming of hypertension. This review also presents common mechanisms underlying nutritional programming-induced hypertension. This will be followed by studies documenting nutritional interventions as reprogramming strategies to protect against hypertension from developmental origins. The identification of ideal nutritional interventions for the prevention of hypertension development that begins early in life will have a lifelong impact, with profound savings in the global burden of hypertension.
Highlights
Hypertension remains an important public health challenge, despite treatment advances over the past decades
Nephron endowment can be unaltered [71], or even increased in response to nutritional programming [72]. These findings suggest that the nutritional programming of hypertension might be not specific to a single factor and other mechanisms demands further exploration
Oxidative stress is unlikely to be attributed to the sole mechanism that increases the vulnerability to later hypertension, it is required to elucidate its interplay with other mechanisms of nutritional programming in determining its impact on hypertension
Summary
Hypertension remains an important public health challenge, despite treatment advances over the past decades. Imbalanced maternal nutrition produces fetal programming that permanently alters the body’s morphology and function and leads to many adult diseases, including hypertension [2] This notion is framed as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) [3]. According to the two aspects of the DOHaD concept, maternal nutrition may play an important trigger the programming mechanisms leading to programmed hypertension This will be followed role as a double-edged sword in developmental programming of hypertension. This review will first by potential nutritional interventions that may serve as a reprogramming strategy to halt the growing present the clinical and experimental evidence for how maternal undernutrition and overnutrition epidemic of hypertension. Epidemiologic studies support that malnutrition during gestation and lactation has lifelong
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