The Diversity and Distribution of The Order Charadriiformes Along The Kerala Coast and Selected Islands of Lakshadweep, India

Salient Long-term Observations of SST along Kerala Coast and its Comparative Variation with Lakshadweep Coast

A study of the propagation of the 2004 tsunami in the South East Arabian Sea (SEAS) and the tsunami induced run-up and inundation along the Kerala and Lakshadweep coasts were taken up using post-tsunami field survey data and numerical modeling. The role of different wave transformation processes like diffraction, refraction, reflection, and total internal reflection in bringing out the observed run-up and inundation characteristics along the Kerala and Lakshadweep coasts are discussed. Simulations using the TUNAMI N2 model were carried out for three different sources viz. Sumatra 2004, Makran 1945 and a hypothetical potentially worst case from Makran. The results of tsunami vulnerability analysis in terms of run-up and inundation for the entire Kerala coast and four selected Islands of Lakshadweep viz. Androth, Chetlat, Kadmat and Kavaratti show strikingly different run-up and inundation characteristics. While the Kerala coast appears to be vulnerable for inundation due to tsunami from different sources, the Lakshadweep coasts do not appear to be vulnerable. The modeling results for Sea Level Rise scenario for selected sectors indicate that sea level rise can definitely make many fold increase in inundation in some of the stretches. For planning mitigation measures, it would be highly essential to carry out numerical simulations for the extreme SLR scenarios for the whole coast by providing high resolution topographic grid for the coastal zone. How to cite this article:SS Praveen, NP Kurian. Propagation of the 2004 Tsunami in the Southeast Arabian Sea (Seas) and Inundation Along the Lakshadweep and Kerala Coast of India. J Adv Res Civil Envi Engr 2019; 6(2): 25-31.

A very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS), ‘Ockhi’ started its journey from southwest Bay of Bengal (BoB) over Comorin area (7.5°N–77.5°E) as a low-pressure area on 28 November, 2017. Initially it moved north-westwards across Lakshadweep Islands without hitting Tamil Nadu or Kerala coast, then moved north-eastward over the Arabian Sea and dissipated upon hitting south Gujarat coast on 06 December, 2017. Rapid intensification (RI), clockwise recurvature and a longer track were the major features of the VSCS, Ockhi. In the present study, an attempt has been made to understand the mechanism of cyclogenesis, RI and recurvature of the Ockhi using satellite and reanalysis datasets. Initially, role of easterly waves (EW) and Madden Jullian Oscillations (MJO) on the cyclogenesis of tropical cyclone Ockhi is addressed. Our analysis suggests that the EW (MJO) played a seminal (insignificant) role in preconditioning the atmosphere for the cyclogenesis of the Ockhi. Our detailed analysis using various oceanic parameters indicate that, the passage of the cyclonic storm over the regions of high thermal energy, especially warmer ocean mean temperature (OMT) at 100 m depth, was instrumental in its rapid intensification. Further, we addressed the recurving feature of the VSCS Ockhi using steering flow analysis. It is found that strong north-eastward steering winds, embedded in subtropical westerlies with deep southward extent, favoured the recurving of the Ockhi towards north-eastward by suppressing the conventional westward (north-westward) track movement.