Abstract
The rate of urine excretion by rainbow trout increases with a rise in the concentration of ambient un-ionized ammonia. It is suggested that this diuresis is caused by an increase in the permeability of the fish to water. Quantitative measurements of urine excretion rates indicate that concentrations of un-ionized ammonia below 12 per cent of the lethal threshold concentration may be without toxic effect. Increases in temperature produce no well defined trend in urine excretion rates with a given concentration of un-ionized ammonia, but normal excretion rates have a Q 10 of 2·4. Some evidence is presented for acclimation of rainbow trout to sub-lethal levels of ammonia. It is suggested that any environmental factor which affects the water balance of fish may also influence their susceptibility to ammonia poisoning.
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