Abstract
This study explored the fatigue effect on postural control (PC) across menstrual cycle phases (MCPs) in female athletes. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC), the center of pressure sway area (CoParea), CoP length in the medio-lateral (CoPLX) and antero-posterior (CoPLY) directions, and Y-balance test (YBT) were assessed before and after a fatiguing exercise during the follicular phase (FP), mid-luteal phase (LP), and premenstrual phase (PMP). Baseline normalized reach distances (NRDs) for the YBT were lower (p = 0.00) in the PMP compared to others MCPs, but the IMVC, CoParea, CoPLX, and CoPLY remained unchanged. After exercise, the IMVC and the NRD decrease was higher at PMP compared to FP (p = 0.00) and LP (p = 0.00). The CoParea, CoPLX, and CoPLY increase was higher in the PMP compared to FP (p = 0.00) and LP (p = 0.00). It was concluded that there is an accentuated PC impairment after exercise observed at PMP.
Highlights
Postural control (PC) is fundamental for human motor abilities to perform daily living activities (Taheri et al, 2019; Sabashi et al, 2021), and to perform a high level of physical performance during sports training or competition (Geddam et al, 2014)
The post-hoc test (Bonferroni test) showed that there was no significant difference of Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (IMVC) at the preexercise among the three menstrual cycle phases (MCPs) (p = 1.00 for follicular phase (FP) compared to luteal phase (LP); p = 0.08 for FP compared premenstrual phase (PMP); p = 1.00 for LP compared to PMP)
After exercise, our results showed that these values were significantly higher in the PMP compared to FP (p < 0.001) and LP (p < 0.001) in the EC condition but not in the eyes open (EO) one (p = 1.00 for center of pressure sway area (CoParea) and CoPLY between all MCPs; for CoPLX p = 1.00 between FP and LP; p = 0.45 between FP and PMP; p = 1.00 between LP and PMP)
Summary
Postural control (PC) is fundamental for human motor abilities to perform daily living activities (Taheri et al, 2019; Sabashi et al, 2021), and to perform a high level of physical performance during sports training or competition (Geddam et al, 2014). It has been reported that female athletes are more prone to the risk of injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament injuries and lateral ankle sprains, compared to males while practicing the same sports activities (Ristolainen et al, 2009; Stijak et al, 2015). This higher injury rate in females compared to males has been linked to hormonal differences and fluctuations (Hewett et al, 2007).
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