Abstract
Composting as a method of solid waste management should be given attention. It gives means of producing a valuable end product, by treating of organic wastes in an environmentally friendly method which does not release any hazardous chemical which can affect human health without causing a major disruption to the surrounding ecosystem. Nevertheless, the issue of time-consuming arises and this correspond to the sink of market demand. The optimized pre-composting process was done through drying, grinding and controlled aeration resulted in the fast-compost formation and cost-effective. This study aimed to discover the physical properties of food waste in composting process. The controlled parameter of the composting which is aeration time where pre-composting processes applied was drying and grinding. The manipulated parameter of composting process happened within two durations: rotation and rest. Each container has been rotated for 15 minutes yet different resting time was applied which are 15, 25, 50, 150 minutes namely A, B, C and D. The data collection has been done in hourly basis for the total of 72 hours. Based on the statistical analysis, results show that mass reduction of samples (A=38.6%, B=32.6%, C=24.6%, D=22.6%). The compost temperature ranged between (23°C - 39°C) while the compost pH was (5.12 – 5.85). Peak level of surrounding temperature was (35.7°C) while surrounding relative humidity (53%) in normal condition. Among the highest moisture content was (52.63%) while the lowest discovered in sample D (24.81%) respectively. Results show that with the longer the aeration time, the better physical properties of compost formed. The obtained data will provide evidence on its significances application to the agencies, the public and the industrial player to cope up with this major environmental threat. This study found a significant relationship between physical factors and compost formation which contribute to better analysis, especially to food waste management.
Highlights
Ecological diversity on earth make balanced system in which organic waste has been produced and recycled at the same time as such some organisms use it as their source of nutrient and energy where with this it can be seen that recycling organic waste act as functional integration towards any ecosystem
The process of natural degradation in organic waste happen with the ability of organisms to recycle organic waste known as composting, as humans utilize the process for their benefits, they started to see the process can be precisely control in order to perform an efficient process that produce high quality compost
Various procedure with preference targets on solid waste management in Malaysia were proposed such as recycling, composting, incineration and others yet low level of accomplishment showed up until today on composting rate is zero to only 1% from the year 2002 to 2006
Summary
Ecological diversity on earth make balanced system in which organic waste has been produced and recycled at the same time as such some organisms use it as their source of nutrient and energy where with this it can be seen that recycling organic waste act as functional integration towards any ecosystem. Three experiments were conducted for achieving the whole objectives of the project from enhanced Pre-Composting Process for food waste which are, (i) observation of changes in color, odor and texture, (ii) investigation of hydrogen ion level (pH values) and pile and surrounding (ambient) temperature in hourly basis, (iii) determination of moisture content and mass of the food waste during and after composting process. The FW had been undergone grinding process by using a heavy-duty commercial blender and collected in one large bin In this project, the composting process had been done as such that the dried FW was being divided into 5 kg in each composting bin whereby the waste had been stirred for 5 minutes within different frequency per hour. The result collected had shown the value of temperature, pH, and MC in hourly basis
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