The Diagnostic Utility of Ultrasound in Myxofibrosarcoma: Insights From a Multimodal Imaging Case Study.

Stimulation data obtained during a hydraulic fracture in unconventional shale gas reservoirs can be evaluated in combination with chemical tracer technology to give an indication of effectiveness of the completion operation. This paper will analyze the completion and flowback effectiveness of a Marcellus Shale well and will show how hydraulic fracture diagnostic tools such as chemical tracers, fracture pressure history matching models and statistical multiple linear regression models can be applied to describe reservoir heterogeneity and complex fracture geometry.Tracer technology can supplement production and stimulation data to provide information as to the effectiveness of the completion design. In horizontal wells this technology has been used to evaluate flowback performance as it relates to changing lithology, wellbore trajectory and fracture geometry.Observations from a recent well completion have shown varying degrees of flowback performance along with difficulties achieving fracturing rate and proppant placement metrics. The use of diagnostics in this case study was designed to explain how these changes translate to fracture geometry and completion effectiveness. An effective completion design is important in developing gas shales and the use of completion diagnostics would reduce the slope of the learning curve in an emerging play or else help optimize designs in developed areas.

Clinicopathologic Correlation of Aneurysmal Type 1 Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Multimodal Imaging for Differential Diagnosis of Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy

McConnell’s sign, characterized by hypokinesia of the mid-free wall of the right ventricle (RV) with preserved apical contractility, is a well-recognized echocardiographic marker in acute pulmonary embolism (PE). However, its reverse variant—apical akinesia with preserved basal function—is rare and less understood. We report the case of an 85-year-old woman presenting with acute PE, who exhibited a rare form of RV dysfunction known as Reverse McConnell’s sign. Multimodality imaging—including computed tomography (CT), transthoracic echocardiography, and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)—revealed apical RV akinesia and a concurrent intracavitary thrombus at the RV apex. Based on imaging, laboratory biomarkers, and clinical findings, an intermediate-high risk PE was diagnosed. The patient was managed with anticoagulation, and follow-up imaging demonstrated complete recovery of RV function and resolution of the thrombus. This case highlights the diagnostic and risk-stratification utility of a multimodality imaging approach in evaluating patients with acute PE. Uncommon RV contraction patterns might be present in PE, and potential complications such as intraventricular thrombosis should be assessed and followed-up. In conclusion, reverse McConnell’s sign, though uncommon, should be recognized as a potential manifestation of acute PE. Multimodal imaging plays a crucial role in its identification, differential diagnosis, and follow-up.

Event Abstract Back to Event MASSIVE: Applications in Neuroscience Wojtek James Goscinski1* and Gary Egan1 1 Monash University, Australia The Multi-modal Australian ScienceS Imaging and Visualisation Environment (MASSIVE – www.massive.org.au) is a specialised High Performance Computing (HPC) facility for computational imaging and visualisation. This facility provides the hardware, software and expertise to drive research in the biomedical science, materials research, engineering, and neuroscience communities. The facility stimulates advanced imaging research that will be exploited across a range of imaging modalities, including synchrotron x-ray and infrared imaging, functional and structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), x-ray Computer Tomography (CT), electron microscopy and optical microscopy. MASSIVE is a unique Australian facility with a focus on fast data processing, including processing data 'in-experiment', large-scale visualisation, and analysis of large-cohort and longitudinal research studies. The facility runs an Instrument Integration program to allow researchers to more easily process imaging data, and provides a Remote Desktop environment providing access to common interactive analysis and visualisation tools. MASSIVE supports over 25 Australian neuroinformatics projects. These include: · Multi-subject studies and longitudinal studies such as the Australian based IMAGE-HD [Gray et al] study with individuals diagnosed with Huntington's disease · Researchers who are applying advanced image processing, image analysis, visualisation techniques, or undertaking research in these fields; · Scientists applying computer tomography techniques or volume visualisation and analysis techniques. · Researchers running or developing modelling and simulation applications, in particular applications that are suited to fast file system access or Graphical Processing Unit (GPU) hardware; · Researchers processing, analysing and viewing data generated by advanced imaging equipment, such as the Australian Synchrotron Imaging Beamline, new generation CT, MRI, and other techniques. This presentation will highlight two specific neuroinformatics case studies, and outline the unique attributes of the Instrument Integration program and Remote Desktop environment. 1. Neuroinformatics Case Studies Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) [Ng et al] is a technique used in MRI to measure the magnetic susceptibility of tissue, which in turn relates to the metal content of the tissue. Diffusion-guided QSM is a new technique that uses diffusion MRI data to improve the model of magnetic susceptibility of each image voxel, but it is a computationally challenging problem, requiring the inversion of a multi-terabyte matrix. By computing the elements of the matrix on-the-fly, researchers have managed to speed up the computation of the QSM image by 15 times, using GPUs [Kaluza et al]. The IMAGE-HD study [Gray et al] is an intensive multi‐modal MRI longitudinal study in Huntington's disease. The study investigates the relationships between brain structure, microstructure and function with clinical, cognitive and motor deficits in both pre-manifest and symptomatic individuals with Huntington's disease. Testing was acquired at three time points: baseline, 18 months and 30 months. Multi-modal imaging was used to identify sensitive biomarkers of disease progression for recommendation in future clinical trials. The multi-modal findings have demonstrated evidence of differential rates of change in both Huntington's disease groups across a range of imaging measures with changes detected up to 15 years before the onset of symptoms. 2. Instrument Integration MASSIVE has a dedicated program to integrate imaging instruments with HPC capability. The result of this work allows scientists to use complex and computationally demanding data processing workflows within minutes of image capture. Instruments integrated with MASSIVE that are of particular interest to neuroscientists include: · MRI and CT equipment at Australian National Imaging Facility locations across Australia through DaRIS [Lohrey et al], a multi-modality neuroimaging research data informatics system, and the Characterisation Virtual Laboratory; and · Beamlines at Australian Synchrotron including near real-time CT reconstruction on the Imaging Beamline. The integration program allows scientists to visualise and analyse collected data in near real-time, as the experiment is in progress or shortly after it completes. In particular, groups that are imaging live anesthetised animals must be able to establish whether a previous scan has successfully produced the desired data, before proceeding with the next step of the experiment. These experiments are typically time-critical as the window of the experiment once begun is short. In some cases the images captured by detectors at the Imaging Beamline are very large and necessitate the movement of data sets in the terabyte range. These constraints dictate that significant computing power is available on demand and that the computer is tightly coupled to the instruments. 3. Remote Desktop Environment MASSIVE provides users with an easy-access managed scientific desktop – the MASSIVE Desktop - an interactive environment for analysis and visualisation of multi-modal and multi-scale data. This environment provides researchers with access to a range of existing tools and software, including commercial and open neuroinformatics applications. The MASSIVE Desktop supports a community that is relatively new to HPC, providing a recognisable environment. Common neuroimaging applications such as FSL and SPM have been integrated to allow users to transparently submit HPC jobs without HPC knowledge. Together with the Instrument Integration program, the MASSIVE Desktop provides an end-to-end solution, allowing researchers to view and analyse images shortly after capture. As data and study sizes increase, it becomes more logical to perform analysis and rendering at the very location where the data is stored and alongside systems such as MASSIVE and nearby storage systems. Figure 1 References Ng, et al., "Diffusion-guided quantitative susceptibility mapping". ISMRM 2013 conference abstract 2394 Gray, et al, Prefrontal activity in Huntington's disease reflects cognitive and neuropsychiatric disturbances: The IMAGE-HD study, Experimental Neurology, Volume 239, January 2013, Pages 218-228, ISSN 0014-4886, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.10.020. Kaluza, et al, et al "Fast diffusion-guided QSM using Graphical Processing Units.", ISMRM 2013 Lohrey, et al, "An Integrated Object Model and Method Framework for Subject-Centric e-Research Applications", Frontiers in Neuroinformatics 3 (2009) 19, 1-10. Keywords: neuroinformatics, High performance computing, Instrument integration, Multi-modal Imaging, Computational Imaging Conference: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference, Clayton, Melbourne, Australia, 28 Nov - 1 Dec, 2013. Presentation Type: Oral Topic: Other Citation: Goscinski W and Egan G (2013). MASSIVE: Applications in Neuroscience. Conference Abstract: ACNS-2013 Australasian Cognitive Neuroscience Society Conference. doi: 10.3389/conf.fnhum.2013.212.00003 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers' terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 23 Oct 2013; Published Online: 25 Nov 2013. * Correspondence: Dr. Wojtek James Goscinski, Monash University, Clayton, Australia, wojtek.goscinski@monash.edu Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. 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Indolent Nonprogressive Multifocal Choroidal Lymphoid Lesions: A Clinical–Histopathological Correlation

Cardiac amyloidosis is a heterogeneous and challenging diagnostic disease with poor prognosis that is now being altered by introduction of new therapies. Echocardiography remains the first-line imaging tool, and when disease is suspected on echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and nuclear imaging play critical roles in the non-invasive diagnosis and evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis. Advances in multi-modality cardiac imaging allowing earlier diagnosis and initiation of novel therapies have significantly improved the outcomes in these patients. Cardiac imaging also plays important roles in the risk stratification of patients presenting with cardiac amyloidosis. In the current review, we provide a clinical and imaging focused update, and importantly outline the imaging protocols, diagnostic and prognostic utility of multimodality cardiac imaging in the assessment of cardiac amyloidosis.

Intraoperative diagnosis plays an important role in accurate sampling of brain tumors, limiting the number of biopsies required and improving the distinction between brain and tumor. The goal of this study was to evaluate dye-enhanced multimodal confocal imaging for discriminating gliomas from nonglial brain tumors and from normal brain tissue for diagnostic use. We investigated a total of 37 samples including glioma (13), meningioma (7), metastatic tumors (9) and normal brain removed for nontumoral indications (8). Tissue was stained in 0.05 mg/mL aqueous solution of methylene blue (MB) for 2-5 minutes and multimodal confocal images were acquired using a custom-built microscope. After imaging, tissue was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded for standard neuropathologic evaluation. Thirteen pathologists provided diagnoses based on the multimodal confocal images. The investigated tumor types exhibited distinctive and complimentary characteristics in both the reflectance and fluorescence responses. Images showed distinct morphological features similar to standard histology. Pathologists were able to distinguish gliomas from normal brain tissue and nonglial brain tumors, and to render diagnoses from the images in a manner comparable to haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides. These results confirm the feasibility of multimodal confocal imaging for intravital intraoperative diagnosis.

Background: Developmental delay (DD) encompasses a wide range of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by impairments in cognitive, motor, language or social domains. The underlying etiologies are diverse, including genetic disorders, metabolic abnormalities, hypoxic-ischemic injury and environmental factors. While conventional imaging provides structural information, it frequently fails to detect subtle biochemical abnormalities that precede overt morphological changes, underscoring the need for advanced techniques such as proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (¹H-MRS), which can non-invasively assess neuronal integrity, myelination and metabolic activity. Objectives: This review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the clinical application of MRS in pediatric DD, highlighting diagnostic utility, characteristic metabolite patterns, technical limitations, and future research directions. Methods: A narrative review of studies evaluating single-voxel and multivoxel ¹H-MRS in children with DD was performed. We used PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus with keywords including Paediatric, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Metabolic activity and Neuronal integrity. The writers evaluated relevant literature references as well. Only the most recent or thorough investigations, from 2002 to 2024, were taken into account. Documents written in languages other than English were ignored. Papers that were not regarded as significant scientific research included dissertations, oral presentations, conference abstracts, and unpublished manuscripts were excluded. Outcomes included metabolite concentrations, ratios (e.g., NAA/Cr, Cho/Cr), regional patterns, and correlations with clinical phenotypes across populations with idiopathic, metabolic, hypoxic-ischemic and autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion: ¹H-MRS is a valuable adjunct to conventional MRI in paediatric developmental delay, providing metabolic insights that can detect neuronal integrity, glial activity and energy metabolism that cannot be captured by conventional structural MRI alone. Technical challenges, age-dependent variability and heterogeneous acquisition protocols limited its routine use. Future directions include standardized acquisition, development of age-specific normative databases, integration with multimodal imaging and clinical data, and targeted application in high-risk or clinically enriched populations to maximize its diagnostic utility.

Advances in diagnostic and treatment technology along with rapid developments in translational research may now allow the realization of precision radiotherapy. Integration of biologically informed multimodality imaging to address the spatial and temporal heterogeneity underlying treatment resistance in glioblastoma is now possible for patient care, with evidence of safety and potential benefit. Beyond their diagnostic utility, several candidate imaging biomarkers have emerged in recent early-phase clinical trials of biologically based radiotherapy, and their definitive assessment in multicenter prospective trials is already in development. In this review, the rationale for clinical implementation of candidate advanced magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography imaging biomarkers to guide personalized radiotherapy, the current landscape, and future directions for integrating imaging biomarkers into radiotherapy for glioblastoma are summarized. Moving forward, response-adaptive radiotherapy using biologically informed imaging biomarkers to address emerging treatment resistance in rational combination with novel systemic therapies may ultimately permit improvements in glioblastoma outcomes and true individualization of patient care.

Theranostic magnetic nanoparticles: Synthesis, properties, toxicity, and emerging trends for biomedical applications

P2243CTCA alone demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy, prognostic utility and is less expensive than CTCA combined with subsequent multi-modality functional imaging in patients with ischaemic symptoms

Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy are powerful analytical techniques widely used separately in different fields of study. Integrating these two powerful spectroscopic techniques into one device represents a groundbreaking advance in multimodal imaging. This new combination which merges the molecular vibrational information from Raman spectroscopy with the ability of FTIR to study polar bonds, creates a unique and complete analytical tool. Through a detailed examination of the microscope’s operation and case studies, this article illustrates how this integrated analytical instrument can provide more thorough and accurate analysis than traditional methods, potentially revolutionising analytical sample characterisation. This article aims to present the features and possible uses of a unified instrument merging FTIR and Raman spectroscopy for multimodal imaging. It particularly focuses on the technological progress and collaborative benefits of these two spectroscopic techniques within the microscope system. By emphasising this approach’s unique benefits and improved analytical capabilities, the authors aim to illustrate its applicability in diverse scientific and industrial sectors.

Nonexudative Macular Neovascularization Supporting Outer Retina in Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Clinicopathologic Correlation

The rare co-occurrence of oligodendroglioma and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the same intracranial location. In a 61-year-old man presenting with progressive headaches, is described in this case study. Preoperative multimodal imaging techniques (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, digital subtraction angiography, and computed tomography angiography) were employed to detect hemorrhage, cystic and solid lesions, and arteriovenous shunting in the right temporal lobe. The patient underwent right temporal craniotomy for lesion removal, and postoperative pathological analysis confirmed the presence of oligodendroglioma (World Health Organization grade II, not otherwise specified) and AVM. The preoperative utilization of multimodal imaging examination can help clinicians reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis or oversight of these conditions, and provides important information for subsequent treatment. This case supports the feasibility of craniotomy for the removal of glioma with AVM.