Abstract
Dizziness is a prevalent symptom in the general population, accounting for a considerable share of physician office visits, and most causes are clinically treatable. It is also a common indication for neuroimaging studies, in order to identify a specific etiology and exclude surgical causes. Here, we illustrate the main peripheral and central causes of dizziness, discussing their possible differential diagnoses, as well as their most important image aspects.
Highlights
The ability of human beings to remain upright, to accelerate, and to rotate, without wavering or falling, is called equilibrium, or balance
Vertigo is more often associated with disorders of the vestibular system and its connections, whereas disequilibrium is usually associated with neurological damage[2], and it is not easy to make this distinction clinically
Meningiomas usually have a homogeneous appearance on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with intense contrast enhancement (Figure 1)
Summary
The ability of human beings to remain upright, to accelerate, and to rotate, without wavering or falling, is called equilibrium, or balance. The maintenance of balance requires appropriate interaction among the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems[1]. Disturbances in the relationship among these systems usually manifest as dizziness. The term is nonspecific and usually covers a range of presentations, the most common being vertigo (a false sensation of bodily movement), disequilibrium, and presyncope[2]. Vertigo is more often associated with disorders of the vestibular system and its connections, whereas disequilibrium is usually associated with neurological damage[2], and it is not easy to make this distinction clinically. Study conducted in the Radiology Department of the Hospital Casa de Portugal, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. 3. MD, Radiologist at the Hospital Casa de Portugal/3D Diagnóstico por Imagem, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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