Abstract
Pectinate gel beads containing Thai mango seed kernel extract (MSKE, cultivar ‘Fahlun’) were developed and characterised for the purpose of colon-targeted delivery. The MSKE-loaded pectinate beads were prepared using ionotropic gelation with varying pectin-to-MSKE ratios, MSKE concentrations, and concentrations of two cross-linkers (calcium chloride and zinc acetate). The formulated beads were spherical in shape and ranged in size between 1.13 mm and 1.88 mm. Zinc-pectinate (ZPG) beads containing high amounts of MSKE showed complete entrapment efficiency (EE) of MSKE (100%), while calcium-pectinate (CPG) beads demonstrated 70% EE. The in vitro release tests indicated that MSKE-loaded CPG beads were unstable in both simulated gastric medium (SGM) and simulated intestinal medium (SIM), while MSKE-loaded ZPG beads were stable in SIM but unable to prevent the release of MSKE in SGM. The protection of ZPG beads with gastro-resistant capsules (Eudragit® L 100-55) resulted in stability in both SGM and SIM; they disintegrated immediately in simulated colonic medium containing pectinolytic enzymes. MSKE-loaded ZPG beads were stable at 4, 25 and 45 °C during the study period of four months. The present study revealed that ZPG beads in enteric-coated capsules might be a promising carrier for delivering MSKE to the colon.
Highlights
Phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention for their beneficial effects on human health [1]
mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) was homogeneously dispersed in an aqueous solution of low methoxylated (LM) pectin and added dropwise to counter-ion solutions (e.g., Ca2+ and Zn2+)
We found no significant differences (p > 0.05) in size ranges between Zn-pectinate gel (ZPG) beads and Ca-pectinate gel (CPG) beads (1.54 ± 0.10 mm–1.70 ± 0.10 mm) prepared with the same concentrations of pectin and MSKE (7% w/v)
Summary
Phenolic compounds have attracted considerable attention for their beneficial effects on human health [1]. There are several reports available about the traditional uses of mango kernel in various parts of the World. In Fiji, fresh mango kernel is eaten for dysentery and asthma, while the juice is used in a nasal application for sinus trouble [3]. In India, dried seed powder is applied to the head to remove dandruff and the kernel starch is eaten as a famine food [5]. The pharmacological activities of mango seed kernel extract (MSKE) have been studied [6]. MSKE has been reported to exhibit potent antioxidant activity and to have a relatively high phenolic content [7]. The ethanolic extract of Thai mango seed kernel cultivar ‘Fahlun’
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