The Development of Settlement in Code River Dwelling from Traditional Myth Forward Modern Functional in Yogyakarta

The development of settlements can cause land shortages through several mechanisms of population growth and urbanization. The increase in population in an area requires more land for housing and supporting facilities, such as schools, hospitals, and shopping centers. This can lead to an increase in demand for land that exceeds the availability of existing land. The rapid urbanization process often leads to the expansion of cities into suburban or rural areas. This results in the conversion of agricultural land and open space into settlements, which reduces the amount of land available for other uses. However, of course, the development of settlements must still pay attention to land capabilities. This study aims to find directions for the development of residential land in the future by considering land capabilities in Deli Tua District. This study uses a geometric projection method, projection of the number of facility needs using SNI 03-1733-2004 on Procedures for Planning Urban Housing Environments and mapping land capabilities based on Permen PU No. 20 of 2007. The findings of this study are that Deli Tua District will experience a shortage of land for housing development for the next 20 years so that the following alternatives must be carried out, namely Vertical housing development, Housing development outside Deli Tua District and using land with low development capability (SKL) meaning that more technology must be used so that the use of this land is safe for housing and settlement development.

Background : Menopause is the natural cessation of menstruation that usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55. Menopause women may experience some undesirable effects, such as sleep disturbance, prone to pain, increased susceptibility to sexually transmitted disease (STD), and thinner hair. It is hypothesized that age at menopause is affected by genetic factor, as well as psychosocial factors. This study aimed to the effect of contraceptive use, parity, and social economic factors on age at menopause. Subjects and M et hod : This study was an analytic observatioanal study using case control design. The study was conducted in Bendo Village, Bendo Village, Sumberbendo Village, Pelem Village, Darungan Village, and Sambirejo Village in Community Health Center Bendo, Kediri, East Java, from 8-31 March 2017. A sample of 120 menopausal women was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was age at menopause. The independent variables were hormonal contraceptive use, duration of contraceptive use, parity, education level, and family income. The data were collected by questionnaire, and analyzed by path analysis. Results : Menopausal age was affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use (b= 0.29; SE= 0.12; p= 0.014), parity (b= 1.98; SE= 0.49; p= 0.001), and family income (b= 2.29; SE= 0.88; p= 0.009). Duration of hormonal contraceptive use was affected by hormonal contraceptive use (b= 5.23; SE= 0.57; p= 0.001) and parity (b= 1.22; SE= 0.27; p= 0.001). Family income was affected by parity (b= 0.14; SE= 0.05; p= 0.002) and education level (b= 0.10; SE= 0.11; p= 0.361). Conclusion : Menopausal age is directly affected by duration of hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and family income. Menopausal age is indirectly affected by hormonal contraceptive use, parity, and education level. K eywords : menopausal age, hormonal contraceptive, parity, social economic factors, path analysis Correspondence: Estin Gita Maringga. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: estin.gita@gmail.com. Mobile: +6281357673430. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2017), 2(2): 113-124 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2017.02.02.03

That housing and settlement development by private business entities is compatible with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) or can also be called Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is a sustainable development agenda initiated and agreed upon by the United Nations. Meanwhile, the construction of houses by individuals or individuals is very inconsistent with the programs or agendas set forth by the national and world governments. Of course, if we examine further, the development carried out by each person is very contrary to "participating in implementing world order" as described in the preamble to the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. The legal issue of this normative legal research: What is the government's authority in the implementation of housing development? How is the legal protection for people or entities that organize housing development in Law Number 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas? The government's authority in the implementation of housing development includes policy regulation, implementation supervision, housing provision facilitation, inter- government coordination, community empowerment, and education. Through this authority, the government seeks to create a decent and sustainable residential environment for all levels of society. Legal protection for persons or entities that organize housing development is comprehensively regulated in Law No. 1 of 2011 concerning Housing and Residential Areas. Legal protection includes: 1. Community Rights. 2. Developer's Obligations. 3. Sanctions for Violations. 4. The Role of the Government.

Background: It is estimated there are 156 million of children or as much as (23%) all over the world who endure stunting. Stunting prevalence in Indonesia reaches 29%, the figure is the highest among South East Asia countries. Whereas stunting can cause the escalating mortality and morbidity rate on children, delayed mental development, and reduced intellectual capacity. The study aimed to elaborate the effect of nutrient intake and socioeconomic factor toward stunting incidence among primary school students. Subjects and Method: The study used analytic observational study with cross sectional design. The location of the study was in the city of Surakarta in February up to March 2017. There was a total of 145 subjects of the study. The sampling technique used was multi stage random sampling. Independent variables of the study were protein intake, energy intake, maternal education, maternal occupational status and family income. Dependent variable was stunting. The study used questionnaires and body height measurement for data collection. The data processing used was path analysis. Result s : Statistical result showed that Stunting Incidence was affected by energy intake (b=0.02,p<0.001), protein intake (b=0.02; p<0.001), maternal education (b=0.23; p=0.187), family income (b=0.01; p=0.051). Â Energy intake was affected by maternal education (b=9.56; p=0.77) and family income (b=1.81; p=0.0.05). Protein intake was affected by maternal education (b=1.75; p=0.051), maternal occupational status (b=-2.30; p=0.33) and family income (b=0.12; p=0.11). Conclusion: Height per age was affected by energy intake, protein intake, maternal education and family income. Energy intake was affected by maternal education and family income. Protein intake was affected by maternal education, maternal occupational status, and family income. Key words : Primary school students, Nutrient Intake, Stunting Correspondence:Â Agustina Dwi Utami. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: agustinadwiutami@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282312719036. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health (2017), 2(1): 1-10 https://doi.org/10.26911/jepublichealth.2017.02.01.01

In Tanzania 80% of the population live in informal settlements. Most of these settlements are built in areas that are susceptible to extreme weather conditions such as flooding. Such conditions have significantly contributed to the destruction of housing stock and other valuable properties. There is considerable awareness amongst people living in the informal settlements, government representatives and other key stakeholders about the various flood risks affecting informal settlements. Based on this understanding, several attempts to minimize flood risks have been initiated in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, yet these initiatives have largely failed to deliver the desired impacts. This article aims to investigate core reasons for this through a case study of Keko Machungwa Informal settlement in Dar es Salaam City. The study explores the extent to which mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in housing development in informal settlements has been considered and implemented, and recommends measures for improvement. Key methods employed for the research included physical observation, household interviews, mapping, photographing, and in-depth interviews. Overall, the study found that mainstreaming of DRR in housing development was hardly practiced at the household level, as houses were predominantly being built without resistant building materials and supervision of relevant professionals. In order to mainstream DRR in housing development in informal settlements, it is recommended that mainstreaming DRR be embedded in laws and policies, highly vulnerable parts of the settlement be declared protected wetland and that the government direct its efforts towards regulating, controlling and monitoring the housing development sector. That letter can be achieved by emphasizing the use of flood resistant building materials and establishing resilient infrastructures for flood mitigation in every flood prone informal settlement.

Background: Poor sanitation is one of the primary causes of communicable diseases in the world. According to UNICEF (2012) 116 million people in Indonesia in 2010 were lacking in standard sanitation. In Bengkulu province, only 33.18% household in 2014 and 39.22% in 2015 had access to good sanitation. This coverage was lower than that of the national level at 62.14%. This study aimed investigating the association between predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing factors, and house sanitation in Bengkulu, Sumatera.Subjects and Method: This was an analytic and observational study with cross sectional design. This study was conducted in Teluk Segara District, Bengkulu, Sumatera from November to December 2016. A total of 120 households were selected by fixed exposure sampling for this study. The dependent variable was household sanitation. The independent variables were family education, family income, health education, social capital, and health behavior. The data were collected by a set of questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis.Results: Family education (b= 1.08; SE= 0.48; p= 0.024) and health education (b= 0.19; SE= 0.07; p= 0.007) had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.09; SE= 0.04; p= 0.018). Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior (b= 0.05; SE= 0.03; p= 0.099). Family income (b= 0.14; SE = 0.45; p= 0.756) and family education (b= 0.15; SE= 0.25; p= 0.566) did not show significant effect on household sanitation.Conclusion: Family education and health education had positive and statistically significant effect on household sanitation. Health education had positive and statistically significant effect on healthy behavior. Social capital had positive and marginally significant effect on healthy behavior. Family income and family education did not show significant effect on household sanitation.Keywords: path analysis, predisposing, enabling, reinforcing factors, household sanitationCorrespondence: Shinta Nasir. Masters Program in Public Health, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. Email: shinta_nasir26@yahoo.co.id.Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior (2016), 1(3): 190-200https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpb.2016.01.03.06

Family is the smallest unit in society and as one of the social institutions in society. Family as a social system has the duty and function to make the system works. The function of education becomes one of the most important functions of a family. Education of family provides the first experience that is an important factor in the children's personal development, as well as the first and main education of the children. Islam as a religion that regulates all aspects of human life does neglect out to regulate about education in the family. Islamic education is part of an effort to instill the values of Islamic teachings in its followers. Islam places the family as the foundation of Islamic values. Activities of islamic education in order to build the muslim personality have to start early, in the family environment. Visionary families will make their lives more organized and prepared for the challenges of life in the future, including will be able to build a family that generates a superior generation. To realize the education of visionary muslim family, Islam guides to start early, even since choosing a partner of life, children care since the womb, continuously going on the process of growth and education in the family.

We may be in the slum, but the slum is not in us! Culturalism and the underclass-debate: a critique. 'Culture' is back on the agenda in German geography. Although this development was pardy triggered by the import of concepts from Anglo-American 'new cultural geography', one of the most important strands of this literature is practically absent from the debate: the contributions of radical geographers grounded in historical-materialist social theory. As a consequence, it is argued that a fundamental critique of the ideological functioning of culturalist argumentations is still missing. The article proposes such a critique in two parts. First, the structure of culturalism is criticized for being both tautological, explain ing 'cultural phenomena' with 'culture', and ideological in that it abstracts from the political nature of social phenomena by treating them as 'cultural'. The task of a radical cultural geography that follows from this critique is to ask: who argues culturalistically and why? Second, the functioning of the culturalist ideology is illustrated by revisiting the contributions by Murray (1984), Wilson (1987) and Anderson (1999) to the US-American 'underclass-debate'. All three approaches, it is argued, abstract from the socioeconomic reasons for the existence of Afro-American ghettos in US cities by treating them, in different ways, as 'cultural' phenomena. In doing so, all three authors play into the hands, willingly or not, of neoliberal pauperization policies.

Background: Pneumonia is the leading infectious disease killer of children worldwide. It kills 2,500 children each day. More children died of pneumonia than malaria, TB, measles, and AIDS combined. Imbalance between host, agent, and environment, can cause the incidence of pneumonia. This study aimed to estimate the contextual effect of village environment on the risk of pneumonia in children under five, after controlling for the effects of biological and social economic factors. Subjects and Method: This was a case control study conducted in Klaten District, Central Java, from October to November 2017. A total sample of 200 children under five was selected for this study by fixed disease sampling. The dependent variable was pneumonia. The independent variables were birth weight, exclusive breastfeeding, nutritional status, immunization status, maternal education, family income, quality of house, indoor smoke exposure, and cigarette smoke exposure. The data were collected by questionnaire and checklist. The data were analyzed by multilevel logistic regression analysis. Results: Birth weight ≥2,500 g (OR= 0.13; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.77; p= 0.025), exclusive breastfeeding (OR= 0.15; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.89; p= 0.037), good nutritional status (OR= 0.20; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.91; p= 0.038), immunizational status (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.02 to 0.67; p= 0.015), maternal educational status (OR=0.18; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.83; p= 0.028), high family income (OR= 0.25; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.87; p= 0.030), and good quality of house (OR=0.21; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.91; p= 0.037) were associated with decreased risk of pneumonia. High indoor smoke exposure (OR= 8.29; 95% CI= 1.49 to 46.03; p= 0.016) and high cigarette smoke exposure (OR= 6.37; 95% CI= 1.27 to 32.01; p= 0.024) were associated with increased risk of pneumonia. ICC= 36.10% indicating sizeable of village as a contextual factor. LR Test p= 0.036 indicating the importance of multilevel model in this logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: The multilevel logistic regression has provided evidence that the village environment has a sizeable contextual effect on the risk of pneumonia in children under five, after controlling for the effects of biological and social economic factors. Keywords: pneumonia, biological, social economic, environmental factor, children under five

The aims of this study were: 1) to analyze the effect of the number of family members, education level, and income, simultaneously on food consumption, non-food consumption, and total consumption of Millennial Generation in Denpasar City; 2) analyze the effect of the number of family members, education level, and income, partially on food consumption, non-food consumption, and the total consumption of Millennial Generation in Denpasar City. This research was conducted in Denpasar City. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Methods of data collection is done by observation, questionnaires, and interviews. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that the number of family members, education level, and income have a significant effect simultaneously on consumption. The number of family members and income have a significant positive effect on food consumption, education level has no significant effect on food consumption. The number of family members, education level and income have a significant positive effect partially on non-food consumption. The number of family members, education level and income partially have a significant positive effect on total consumption.

Kandy, Ceylon. 1About 1945, when I was 12 years old, the sweet sounds of these two names were observed in an atlas. I dreamed that I might visit them some day. That dream became reality in June, 1959, when I ate a Chinese dinner and had a cup of Ceylon tea in Kandy. It was the embryonic touchstone of a most satisfying career in the study of toponymy. Throughout my primary and secondary education in Orangeville, Ontario, I developed a deep interest in maps, cultural geography, and Canadian and American history. In 1952, I enrolled in honors history studies at Waterloo College, a satellite campus of the University of Western Ontario, where I was awarded a bachelor's degree in 1956, after having spent my third year at the University of British Columbia. At both Waterloo and UBC, I studied with several erudite professors of history and geography, who whetted my desire to pursue studies of the creation and development of settlements. That desire led me to enroll in 1956 in a master's program in geography at the University of Kentucky, where I received an MA a year later, having written a thesis on the settlement geography of my hometown. My thesis advisor at the University of Kentucky was Thomas Field. A native of North Carolina, Tom Field lectured on cultural geography, with special attention on the South Pacific. In one of the rooms in the Geography Department, there was an extensive card collection on the place names of Kentucky, which he had assembled over several years. One day, the usually mild and meek Tom· Field vented his anger over the naming of Cumberland Gap and Cumberland River. They had been named by explorer Dr. Thomas Walker in the mid-1700s after George II's third son William Augustus (1721-65), the ruthless Billy the Butcher at the Battle of Culloden in 1746. The seed was planted in me to pursue the study of place names, if not for a career, at least as an avocation.

Since the 1990s especially we’ve seen an expressive growth of researches related to Cultural Geography and its varied fields. Among many themes that can be studied from a cultural point of view in Geography we shall mention religions, popular festivities, and the diversity of people on the planet. In this paper some proposals are made, considering the potential of the Cultural Geography to contribute to the comprehension of pedagogic practices in junior and high schools. \n\nKey-words: Cultural Geography; teaching of Geography; songs; movies.

HABITechno is a biennial international conference focusing on innovative solution in concept and practice of contemporary technology for housing and settlement development in different context of social, economical and technological livelihood in different countries and different ecological landscape. Initiated in 2013, HABITechno has been organized by Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Planning and Policy Development, Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) in collaboration with other institutions in Housing and Settlement and Building Technology in Indonesia and abroad.In general, HABITechno conference is about housing and human settlement being in the large cities, secondary cities, neighborhood unit as well as rural and remote areas. It covers a multi-facetted issues and proposal for housing and settlements which include the following general themes, i.e. Economic sustainability these include funding and financial sustainability of housing and settlement development as well as property development. These covers the economic context of emerging countries, globalization and trade. Environmental sustainability covering geographical and ecological as well as resources conservation such as water and soil conservation, climate change, disaster risk reduction, renewable energies, food security, environmental legislation. Socio-cultural Sustainability covering sustainable urbanism, education, governance sustainability, human development, social and environmental behavior in dwelling. Technology sustainability, green infrastructure, sustainable project and construction management, BIM and building performance simulation.The HABITechno4 was held in 16th November 2019 in ITB with the theme ‘DESIGN FOR INCLUSIVE AND HABITABLE TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AREA”. It responds to challenging infrastructure development in several newly emerging nations in the region and most recently in Indonesia, especially the integration of housing design and technology in Transit Oriented Development (TOD) area. It aims to critically revisit and rethink the existing and the future of such development by proposing solution for the inclusive and habitable TOD area development. The theme attracts wider participation from presenters and audience with wide-range topics from social, environment, and economic dimensions. To enrich the discourses, the conference invites speaker from different countries to share their experience and stakeholders of TOD development as keynote speakers to induce knowledge exchange between academia and practitioners, both from national and international perspectives.

Safety in the construction industry has always been a major issue. Wherever reliable records are available, construction is found to be one of the most dangerous on safety and health criteria, particularly in developing countries. Though much improvement in construction safety has been achieved, the industry still continues to lag behind most other industries with regard to safety. In developing countries, safety rules usually do not exist; if any exist, the regulatory authority is usually very weak in implementing such rules effectively. Further, work hazards at the construction workplace are either not perceived at all, or perceived to be less dangerous than what they actually are. The safety climate of any organisation consists of employees' attitudes towards, and perceptions of, health and safety behaviour. Construction workers' attitudes towards safety are influenced by their perceptions of risk, management, safety rules and procedures. Although research into safety climate has continued for more than two decades, there is still no universally accepted theory of safety climate. Nevertheless, positive correlation exists between workers' safe behaviour and safety climate in construction site environments. Workers' attitudes and behaviours discernible in safety climate, could be regarded as the micro-elements of an organisation, which themselves are determined by macro-elements of safety management systems and practices. Thus, it could be argued that management safety systems and practices permeate down through the organisation to the workforce. Classic construction safety management functions (such as recruitment, training, supervision, etc.) are determined by different conceptions of the role and nature of management effectiveness. These conceptions are underpinned by related cultural values. Therefore, national culture can be a key characteristic that may manifest itself in varying approaches to the safe work behavior. Pakistan is a developing country that is currently enjoying a relatively strong growth in construction activities. Unfortunately, Pakistan's construction industry suffers from poor safety and health conditions. The framework of the existing occupational and health conditions is fragmented and inadequately enforced, making construction sites more hazardous. It may even be argued that relevant regulations are outdated and irrelevant in day-to-day construction operations. This thesis is broadly concerned with national culture and its influence on safety climate in the construction industry in Pakistan. More specifically, it investigates the safety perceptions, attitudes, and behaviour of Pakistani construction workers and management safety practices. It presents the empirical results of a number of questionnaire surveys administrated in Pakistan targeting construction workers, and managers with safety management responsibilities. Based upon the survey analysis results, this study demonstrates that the majority of Pakistani construction workers have a good degree of risk awareness and self-rated competence, and a relatively high degree of safety awareness. Further it was found, empirically, that overall workers' intentional behaviour seems to be best explained by workers' attitudes towards their own and managements' safety responsibilities, as well as their perception of the risk they are generally exposed to in their workplace environment. The study also showed that workers are more collective, feminist, believe in less power distance and opt for higher uncertainty avoidance in their attitudes. The analysis of the interrelationship between workers' behaviour and national culture revealed that the more workers working in a collective, feminist, and higher uncertainty avoidance environments, the more they are going to exhibit safer behaviour. The management safety practices survey analysis showed that managers' safety management preferences are being influenced by their cultural trends. Their safety related decisions, whether being developed in head office or on site, are influenced by their high collectivistic, feministic, power distance and uncertainty avoidance attitude. This study thus establishes a statistically significant positive relationship between the factors of workers' perceptions, attitudes and safe work behaviour, and management practices. Finally, this study gauges empirically the influence of cultural dimensions on workers' perceptions, attitudes, and safe work behaviour and managers' safety practices. The analysis showed that managers' operational practices on site have the most statistically significant relationship with workers' attitudes and perceptions. It was also found that the more collectivistic and higher uncertainty avoidance attitude of workers, the stronger their safety attitudes and perceptions will be.

Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) was adopted as a basic mechanism to promote health care to the population. This system brings health care as close as possible to where people live and work and it constitutes the first element of a continuing health care process. The previous study reported that in developing county health care services have remained inaccessible in many respects and have therefore negatively affected its optimum utilization. This study aimed to analyze the socioeconomics factors affecting the utilization of primary health services of mothers and children at Nunukan District, North Kalimantan. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study was conducted at six community health centers in Nunukan, North Kalimantan, from October to November 2017. A total sample of 208 mothers was collected using stratified multi-stage random sampling. The dependent variables were antenatal care (ANC) service, place of birth delivery, and basic immunization.The independent variables were maternal education, maternal employment status, family income, family welfare, and residence. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by path analysis. Results: Utilization of ANC increased with better family welfare (b=1.42; 95% CI= 0.34 to 2.49; p=0.010). Use of basic immunization increased with higher maternal education (b=0.71; 95% CI= 0.06 to 1.35; p=0.032). Place of birth delivery at formal health facility increased with living in urban area (b= 3.2; 95% CI= 1.97 to 4.44; p< 0.001), maternal employment (b=2.34; 95% CI= 0.77 to 3.91; p= 0.003), and regular ANC (b= 1.04; 95% CI= -0.10 to 2.18; p=0.074). Family income increased with higher maternal education level (b=1.21; 95% CI= 0.50 to1.92; p=0.001) and maternal employment (b= 2.54; 95% CI= 1.67 to 3.41; p <0.001). Family welfare increased with living in urban area (b= 1.4; 95% CI= 0.09 to 2.68; p= 0.035) and higher family income (b= 2.5; 95% CI= 0.44 to 4.54; p= 0.017). Maternal employment status increased with higher maternal education level (b= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.63 to 3.26; p< 0.001). Conclusion: Utilization of ANC directly increases with better family welfare. Utilization of basic immunization increases with higher maternal education. Place of birth delivery at formal health facility increases with living in urban area, maternal employment, and regular ANC. Keywords: social economics factors, ANC, place of birth delivery, basic immunization, mother, children