Abstract
Kashmīr has a long unique structure and identity due to its geographical beauty, natural resources, and traditional spiritual ethos since antiquity. In ancient times, although most Kashmīris were followers of Buddhism and Hinduism, in addition to these traditional religions, there was also an influential group ascetic mystics called Rishis in Kashmīr. They devoted their entire lives to abstinence (Nafs Kashi) and various spiritual struggles in order to control their desires of carnal self (Mujāhida’s). From the beginning of medieval times which is known as the golden age of Islāmic civilization and culture, the message of Islām spread rapidly throughout the world. In this regard, the group of Ṣūfīs played vital role in the whole Islāmic world. In Kashmīr, as in the rest of the subcontinent, Ṣūfīs made significant contributions to the propagation of Islām. The present article will examine the historical events of the medieval times, which are considered a milestone in the spread of Islām and the promotion of Islāmic civilization in Kashmīr. Moreover, the works of those Ṣūfī masters will be reviewed who have sacrificed a lot and done commendable works on the history of Kashmīr.
Highlights
The Kashmīr[1] valley known worldwide for its natural scenery and beauty, is famous for its cultural and spiritual traditions from ancient times
Since medieval age the region has been the abode of religious scholars, Ṣūfīs, religious preachers, due to which it is known as “pirwari.”[2] In the Medieval times, a large group of Ṣūfīs from Irān and Turkestān spread Islām in the Kashmīr Valley
The history of Kashmīr bears witnesses to the fact that the Ṣūfīs were the most prominent contributors to the promotion of Islāmic culture in Kashmīr, and it was through them that Islāmic civilization and culture flourished in Kashmīr
Summary
The Kashmīr[1] valley known worldwide for its natural scenery and beauty, is famous for its cultural and spiritual traditions from ancient times. Since medieval age the region has been the abode of religious scholars, Ṣūfīs, religious preachers, due to which it is known as “pirwari.”[2] In the Medieval times, a large group of Ṣūfīs from Irān and Turkestān spread Islām in the Kashmīr Valley. They dedicated their lives here by presenting theoretical and practical examples of Islāmic teachings, and the people of Kashmīr got impressed to see the same. Islāmic influences began to flourish in Kashmīr valley as early as 711-13 AD, but Islām began to prosper in the early fourteenth century AD in this region with its beauty and elegance. The first Muslim government was started in Kashmīr valley, and due to the civilization and culture of the Muslims, the people of this region became very bright and exemplary
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