The Determinant Factors of Ethical Purchasing Intention : Does Religiosity Matter?

PurposeThe cognitive processes through which religiosity and idealism affect ethical consumption have received little attention in prior research. This study aims to explore the influence of religiosity and idealism on ethical purchasing intention through moral obligation and perceived customer effectiveness (PCE).Design/methodology/approachThe study analyses data from 149 Muslim participants in Saudi Arabia, using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results reveal that religiosity leads to PCE but not to moral obligation and that idealism leads to both PCE and moral obligation. Mediation analysis indicated that PCE mediates the effect of both religiosity and idealism, although moral obligation only mediates the effect of idealism.Research limitations/implicationsThis research enriches the understanding of ethical consumption and contributes to the debate on how religiosity and idealism affect ethical consumption. It also has significant implications for theory and the development of sustainable marketing initiatives. Marketing campaigns and other promotional activities may focus on the interconnection between ethical purchase and the religious and ideology dimensions of consumers. Also, while formulating a communication strategy, it is necessary to emphasize the religious dimension of the sustainable use of the product.Originality/valueMoral obligation and PCE have been shown as cognitive and psychological mechanisms explaining the links between religiosity or idealism and ethical purchasing behaviour.

It has long been understood that intentions are poor predictors of behavior and that gaining insight into this gap is of critical importance to understanding, interpreting, predicting, and influencing consumer behavior. The gap, however, remains poorly understood, especially within the ethical consumerism context. In this article, our aim is to push the understanding of ethical consumption forward by drawing on the investigation of Chinese consumers’ ethical purchasing intention-behavior gap from the combining perspectives of consumers’ individual characteristics and environmental factors. This situation has profound implications for the marketers of ethical products, as product launches based on intentions to purchase are more than likely to result in costly failures. In-depth interviews with consumers are conducted, as they enable researchers to gain“a more accurate and clear picture of a respondent’s behavior”. The interview guidelines for the in-depth interviews were carefully prepared and, after pretesting, slightly adapted. Finally, a total of 235 individual interviews were conducted. Interviewing continued until redundancy was reached, implying theoretical saturation. The interviews took place in Wuhan city in summer 2010. The interviews lasted between 30 and 60 min. With the participants’ permission, each interview was audio-taped and transcribed, resulting in 867 pages of text. Furthermore, content analyses were taken to code the text. The PRL reliability value was between 0.68 and 0.93, which represented the average inter-coder agreement had reached a reasonable level. The findings are as follows:(1) In Chinese context, when making ethical purchasing decisions, consumers’ ethical purchasing intention-behavior gap will indeed take place, and nearly 58%of them are not going to walk their talk; (2) The ethical buying intention-behavior gap is influenced by consumers’ personal traits and the environmental factors simultaneously; (3) Consumer individual trait variables mainly include moral maturity, economical orientation, buying inertia, cynicism, and consumer ethical cognitive efforts. And moral maturity has a direct impact on ethical intention, all other variables will moderate significantly the relationship between ethical buying intention and behavior;(4) Environmental factors mainly consist of physical environment, social environment, purchasing task, and current status. And all situational factors have a moderating role on the relationship between ethical buying intention and behavior. It is generally accepted that an individual’s intentions will directly determine their actual behavior. Yet, the article concluded that investigations that relied on intention as a proxy for actual behavior must be interpreted with caution. Secondly, intention-behavior models of consumer choice artificially isolate decision making, ignoring the external effect of the environment/situation on purchase behavior. In fact, the paper concludes that, during the transition between purchase intention and actual buying behavior, the individual interacts with a physical and social environment and this interaction with environmental factors influences their decision making. Finally, the paper provides us with some profound conclusions and insightful implications upon how to motivate a consumer’s support of a firm’s ethical behavior and to transfer this kind of support into truly positive purchasing behavior.

Safety culture is a combination of characteristics and attitudes in the organization which is an integration of behavior, attitudes and performance that can move the organization. This research method is Mixed Methods with sequential explanatory design, data analysis using Logistic Regression test, sampling technique by purposive sampling with a sample of 68 people. The results of the study show that the leadership variable has a significance value of 0.044 with Exp(B) of 4.290, the Teamwork variable has a significance value of 0.031 with Exp(B) of 4.726, the Employee Engagement variable has a significance value of 0.033 with Exp(B) of 4.486, the Policy variable has a significance value of 0.048 with Exp(B) of 3.814, the Technology variable has a significance value of 0.042 and Exp(B) of 4.234 and the Communication variable has a significance value of 0.037 and Exp(B) of 4.334. The conclusion in this study is based on a significance value of 0.05. Leadership is a determinant factor in the K3 culture at PT. Sengkang Energy, Teamwork is a determining factor in the K3 culture at PT. Energy Sengkang, Employee Involvement is a determining factor in the K3 culture at PT. Energy Sengkang, Policy is a determinant factor in the culture of K3 at PT. Sengkang Energy, Technology is a determining factor in the K3 culture at PT. Sengkang Energy and Communication are determinant factors in the OSH culture at PT. Sengkang Energy.

Understanding ethical purchasing behavior: Validation of an enhanced stage model of ethical behavior

Implementing interprofessional collaboration practices is a key strategy for enhancing the quality and outcomes of health services. This collaboration involves multiple professions, requiring cooperation from each team member and organization to improve patient satisfaction and safety. This study aims to examine the determinant factors and their relationships in interprofessional collaboration practices within the scope of surgical procedures. This study employs a scoping review approach, following the stages of problem identification, literature collection, literature selection, thematic analysis, mapping, and report preparation. The analysis identified 11 articles that met the criteria and revealed determinant factors at three levels: individual, team, and organizational. These determinant factor groups consist of several factors; at the individual level, work experience and age factors were predominant; at the team level, communication and teamwork were key factors; and at the organizational level, the factors included organizational characteristics and hospital design programs. The analysis indicated that certain determinant factors influence interprofessional collaboration (IPC) practices both directly and indirectly through intermediary determinants that link the influence of primary determinant factors to collaborative practices in the surgical field. Future research should conduct in-depth analyses of these determinant factors within the surgical field or in other health service areas.

In recent years, business transactions over the Internet have become increasingly popular worldwide. A wide variety of business activities with extended applications of e-commerce have been carried out online such as information searches, product cataloguing, order placing, online auctions, and personal financial transactions. This technological advance has reshaped the world and created a new form of social interaction as consumers can easily sell or purchase goods via online commercial websites. In the context of Internet-based or online transactions, the buyer and seller are separated by time and space as the exchange of product and money will not occur simultaneously. Lacking face-to-face interaction increases anonymity and makes the detection of individual identity difficult in the virtual environment. As a result, consumers may perceive their actions as being undetectable and engage in unethical behavior during online transactions. However, the factors affecting consumer ethical decision-making processes within the Internet-based environment have not been thoroughly understood by business communities and relatively under-explored in past research by academics. The purpose of this study is to develop a holistic model for consumers' ethical decision-making and to investigate the determinants influencing this decision-making process in the context of online auctions. The research framework in this study is developed based on the four-component model for individual ethical decision making and behavior by Rest (1986) and the issue-contingent model of marketing ethics by Jones (1991). The ethical decision-making process by online consumers in the proposed model includes three stages: (1) moral perception: consumers perceive the moral issues in ethical situations; (2) moral judgment: consumers make a moral judgment based on ethical principles; and (3) moral intention: consumers establish moral intent in their final action. The factors influencing individual ethical decisionmaking processes are examined from three aspects, i.e., the ethical issue itself-moral intensity, individual characteristics-moral philosophy, and technological features-anonymity. Jones (1991) indicates that the moral intensity is the extent of issue-related moral imperatives in a given situation, consisting of the magnitude of consequences, social consensus, probability of effect, temporal immediacy, proximity, and the concentration of effect. Moral philosophy is identified with two underlying dimensions, idealism and relativism (Forsyth, 1980). Anonymity is associated with deindividualization where the individual is lacking in self-awareness and self-evaluation and may perform socially unacceptable behavior (Singer, Brush and Lublin, 1965; Ziller, 1964; Zimbardo, 1970). The study develops hypotheses to be tested empirically based on the proposed consumer ethical-decision model in the context of online auction transactions. Three ethical scenarios of online auction were developed and a total of 450 valid responses with survey questionnaire was collected and analyzed with various statistical techniques including ANOVA, correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The research results show six dimensions of moral intensity can be grouped into two latent factors, potential harm and social pressure, consistent with previous studies. Potential harm has a major influence on moral judgment and moral intention, and social pressure plays a more critical role in influencing moral perception and moral judgment. Next, the idealism of moral philosophy has a positive effect upon all three stages of the ethical decision-making process but the relativism has no significant impact. Finally, anonymity has a negative effect on moral intention when the influence of moral intensity is low. The implications of this study are as follows: firstly, three online auction scenarios can be extended to online ethical cases by businesses to promote consumer ethics in Internet-based transactions. Secondly, businesses may reinforce consumers' ethical perception of potential harm to others in order to increase ethical sensitivity by emphasizing the terms and conditions of online purchases. Thirdly, the moral philosophy of idealism should be promoted through ethical education. Lastly, the degree of perceived anonymity can be reduced through establishing credit rating mechanisms to increase consumers' ethical intentions. Understanding consumers' ethical decisions within the context of Internet-based transactions is important for those firms running online businesses to form better policies and regulations.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to examine the influences of theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs (i.e. attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control (PBC)) on individuals’ volunteer intention for future sporting events, and second, to investigate the moderating effects of brand reputation and moral obligation in the relationships between TPB constructs and volunteer intention. Design/methodology/approach – The sample consisted of 107 volunteers at the 2009 NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament. Moderated hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to test the hypothesized relationships of the model. Findings – Subjective norm and PBC were significantly associated with volunteer intention. Brand reputation was found to be a moderator in the relationships between attitude and volunteer intention and between subjective norm and volunteer intention, and moral obligation moderated the relationship between PBC and volunteer intention. Practical implications – Sporting events/volunteer managers must understand individuals’ decision-making process with respect to volunteering at sporting events and important insights into new strategies to increase volunteer recruitment, retention, and reliability. Social implications – Because sporting event managers face considerable obstacles in recruiting and retaining a volunteer workforce, an enhanced understanding of volunteering may highlight new ways to remove obstacles to being a volunteer to the benefit of individuals and society. Originality/value – This paper emphasizes the importance of brand reputation and moral obligation as moderators of the effects of the TPB constructs on volunteer intention in the context of sporting events.

The purpose of this study is to test and analyze the influence of consumer environmental ethics and moral obligation on sustainability consumption through green consumption in families in Indonesia. The population of this study is families in Indonesia. At the same time the sample is housewives who have at least one child. The data analysis tool used in this study is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The number of samples used in this study is 100 respondents. The results of the study prove that there is a positive and significant influence between: (1) consumer environmental ethics on green consumption, (2) green consumption on sustainability consumption, and (3) consumer environmental ethics on sustainability consumption through green consumption. In addition, the results of the study prove that there is a positive but not significant influence between: (1) moral obligation on green consumption, and (2) moral obligation on sustainability consumption through green consumption. The theoretical suggestion put forward is that it is necessary to further study the academic role of other variables in green consumer behavior. The practical advice given to green product business actors is to pay attention to the fact that green product consumer behavior is influenced by variables inherent in the consumer. So green product business actors must pay attention to this to carry out marketing strategies.

The correlative influence of consumer ethical beliefs, environmental ethics, and moral obligation on green consumption behavior

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the mechanism of the influence of consumer innovativeness (CI) on consumer-reasoned green consumption (GC) behavior to understand more about this behavior and help improve the practice of green marketing. Design/methodology/approach – To understand more about GC behavior and help to improve the practice of green marketing, this paper tries to explore the mechanism of CI influences on consumer-reasoned GC behavior. Findings – This study shows that CI has a significant influence on GC behavior. Its mechanism is that CI directly influences consumer attitude, subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC) of GC, and then further influences GC intention and behavior. The direct influence of GC attitude on intention is not significant, but GC intention is indirectly influenced via SN by attitude. Moreover, male, young, highly educated and high-income consumers have stronger CI; the influence of CI on GC behavior is more significant in male, old, less-educated and low-income consumers. Research limitations/implications – This research focuses on consumption behaviors which are reasoned and environment condition-constrained only, and its findings cannot be generalized to impulsive consumption behaviors. The influence of CI on impulsive consumption behaviors should be further researched. Practical implications – Company managers should utilize new technology and design to make green products more innovative and fashionable to attract more customers. Social implications – Instead of environment protection propaganda and education, society and market supervisors should lay the key point of GC incentive on the draft and implementation of law and regulation. Originality/value – This research is an initial attempt to establish the relationship between CI and GC behaviors and generate a news research area in green marketing.

Development of Diaphragmatic Weakness after Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization of the Right Inferior Phrenic Artery: Frequency and Determinant Factors

Background: Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem in the world and Indonesia. The difficulty of diagnosis is a major factor in eradicating TB in children. Active and latent tuberculosis in children often shows no symptoms so it is difficult to diagnose and affect the treatment. Several determinant factors need to be assessed with the hope of optimal handling of TB in children. Objective: To analyze the determinant factors on active and latent tuberculosis among children in Surabaya. Methods: A case control study was done with 25 cases with TB divided into active TB, Latent TB. Pulmonary tuberculosis was diagnosed using the Indonesian Pediatric Tuberculosis Scoring System. Determinant factors for tuberculosis development were history of contact with a TB patient, age, BCG immunization, knowledge, socioeconomic status and overcrowding living condition. Analysis was done using Fisher’s Exact and Mann-Whitney test. Findings: The characteristics of the study subjects consisting of 16 active TB children and 9 latent TB children. In the group of active TB children the largest population is girls (11 children), whereas in the latent TB group are boys (8 children). There was a significant difference between groups of active TB children and latent TB children (p = 0.000 <0.05). The other factors are showing nothing different in the both of group TB. Conclusion: The most significant determinant factor in active TB and latent TB in children is the appearance infiltrate of chest X-ray where active TB shows filtration and normal appearance in latent TB.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problems which caused by the low intake of nutrients in long term, resulting in unfulfilled demand for nutrients. Indonesia has the highest incidence of stunting compared to other Southeast Asian countries. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia tends to increase. Basic medical research showed prevalence of stunting were 35.6% in 2010 and 37.2% in 2013.This study aimed to analyze determinant factors in the incidence of stunting in children aged 12 to 60 months. The method that used in this study was analytic survey with sample size as many as 155 stunting children. The data was collection through questionnaire, food recall and anthropometry. Determinant factors in the incidence of stunting in children aged 12 to 60 months were intake of energy (p < 0.001) and other macro-nutrients such as carbohydrate (p < 0.001), protein (p < 0.001) as well as fat (p < 0.008). While the intake of micronutrients that contributed to the incidence of stunting were the intake of vitamin A (p < 0.036) and zinc (p < 0.050). Beside the intakes, feeding practices such as consistency (p < 0.001), frequency (p < 0.001) and habit of having breakfast (p < 0.001) were also determining factors in the incidence of stunting. Maternal knowledge concerning to nutrition, exclusive breastfeeding and complementary foods were not determining factor in the incidence of stunting but were the protective one.

As the trending learning system, online course has actualized the concept of gig economy. People can participate as a gig worker using these roles: a tutor, a teacher, and a content creator in an online course while the students are clients. Some problems have occurred as a relatively new business model in Indonesia, the gig economy did not offer stable and fixed employment, and most of gig workers had no education background. This research aimed to look for determinant factors that motivate people to become gig workers in an online course. This brought Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) as foundations. Relying on a quantitative approach in a questionnaire, eleven hypotheses were examined using Partial List Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). 187 respondents took part to expose their perception about the candidate of determinant factors. Its result distinguished eight accepted hypotheses, while three others were rejected. This research captured the following variables as determinant factors with a positive relationship: social influence, the factors of benefit, personal interest, and economic value. In contrast, the perceived risk was a negative determinant factor.

Self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic mechanism found in flowering plants. It plays a crucial role in preventing inbreeding and promoting outcrossing. The genes that control self-incompatibility in plants are typically determined by the S-locus female determinant factor and the S-locus male determinant factor. In the Solanaceae family, the male determinant factor is often the SLF gene. In this research, we cloned and analyzed 13 S2-LbSLF genes from the L. barbarum genome, which are located on chromosome 2 and close to the physical location of the S-locus female determinant factor S-RNase, covering a region of approximately 90.4 Mb. The amino acid sequence identity of the 13 S2-LbSLFs is 58.46%, and they all possess relatively conserved motifs and typical F-box domains, without introns. A co-linearity analysis revealed that there are no tandemly repeated genes in the S2-LbSLF genes, and that there are two pairs of co-linear genes between S2-LbSLF and the tomato, which also belongs to the Solanaceae family. A phylogenetic analysis indicates that the S2-LbSLF members can be divided into six groups, and it was found that the 13 S2-LbSLFs are clustered with the SLF genes of tobacco and Petunia inflata to varying degrees, potentially serving as pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum. The results for the gene expression patterns suggest that S2-LbSLF is only expressed in pollen tissue. The results of the yeast two-hybrid assay showed that the C-terminal region of S2-LbSLFs lacking the F-box domain can interact with S-RNase. This study provides theoretical data for further investigation into the functions of S2-LbSLF members, particularly for the identification of pollen determinant factors regulating self-incompatibility in L. barbarum.