Abstract
Mangrove restoration in Trenggalek, East Java has resulted an age variation of mangrove ecosystem. Diverse species of insects predominantly found in mangroves were collected using yellow pan traps, swipe nets and by direct picking from three different sites. This research was conducted from April until August 2015. There are 9,181 individual insects associated with mangroves comprised of 42 species from 31 families and eight orders. The first site or the 15 years old mangrove (66.22% canopy cover) indicated the highest Shannon diversity index at 2.54, Evenness index of 0.32 and Margalef richness index of 4.84. The lowest diversity was recorded in the third site or the five years old mangrove (19.65% canopy cover), with the Shannon diversity index at 2.28, Evenness index at 0.26 and Margalef richness index at 4.59. The most abundant species located was the Eristena mangalis, with 1,724 individuals (relative abundance of 18.78%), followed by Monolepta sp. with 1,649 individuals (relative abundance of 17.96%). These are the phytophagous insects associated with mangrove leaves. This study concluded that the older mangrove ecosystem have a denser canopy that supports insect life.
Highlights
The lowest diversity was recorded in the third site or the five years old mangrove (19.65% canopy cover), with the Shannon diversity index at 2.28, Evenness index at 0.26 and Margalef richness index at 4.59
Mangrove ecosystem in Trenggalek has different tree height and canopy cover based on mangrove age (Table 1)
The results from this study indicate that diverse species of insects are found in a mangrove in Trenggalek, East Java
Summary
Efforts are being made to conserve mangrove as they are valuable for social life and extremely beneficial for ecosystems (Brander et al 2012; Kerry 2017; Kusmana 2018). Mangroves can occupy the intertidal area, they interact with aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems, which helps to support diverse flora and fauna under mangrove vegetation (Macintosh & Ashton 2002; Romanach et al 2018; Martin et al 2019), one of which is insects. Insects can be permanent residents or temporary visitors to the mangrove ecosystem and might play as a pest (Faridah-Hanum et al 2014; Srinivasan et al 2014). They are herbivores that feed on leaves, flowers, seeds, stem or mangrove propagules (Macintosh & Ashton 2002; Ong et al 2010). Some insects play crucial roles as pollinators that can maintain the ecosystem by ensuring reproduction (Macintosh & Ashton 2002; Chen et al 2018)
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