The Dashboard and Its Role in Decision-Making Instrumentation

Establishing the diagnosis of cervical osteomyelitis in a timely fashion is critical to prevent catastrophic neurological injury. In the modern imaging era, magnetic resonance imaging in particular has facilitated the diagnosis of cervical osteomyelitis, even before the onset of neurological signs or symptoms. Nevertheless, despite advancements in diagnosis, disagreement remains regarding appropriate surgical treatment. The role of instrumentation and type of graft material after cervical decompression remain controversial. The authors describe the epidemiological features, pathogenesis, and diagnostic evaluation, and the surgical and nonsurgical interventions that can be used to treat osteomyelitis of the cervical spine. They also review the current debate about the role of instrumentation in preventing spinal deformity after surgical decompression for cervical osteomyelitis. Based on this review, the authors conclude that nonsurgical therapy is appropriate if neurological signs or symptoms, instability, deformity, or spinal cord compression are absent. Surgical decompression, debridement, stabilization, and deformity correction are the goals once the decision to perform surgery has been made. The roles of autogenous graft, instrumentation, and allograft have not been clearly delineated with Class I data, but the authors believe that spinal stability and decompression override creating an environment that can be completely sterilized by antibiotic drugs.

This paper is an attempt to review the role of various regulatory instruments in managing water demand with specific objectives of listing out types of regulatory instruments; role of these instruments in managing water demand and attaining equity; assess existing social regulation models and draw lessons for policy. Basic regulatory instruments that are being or could be adopted in water management are broadly grouped under: (i) direct and indirect regulation, (ii) economic regulation, and (iii) social regulation.

Arthroscopic knot tying: The role of instrumentation in achieving knot security

Multi‐ and omnichannel retailers use various marketing instruments to position themselves as strong brands. However, we know surprisingly little about how strongly retail brand equity (RBE) benefits from the traditional, online‐specific, or cross‐channel instruments that consumers perceive when switching channels. This study fills this gap by leveraging categorization theory. It contributes to the literature by analyzing the roles of important marketing instruments for consumer loyalty decisions through offline and online RBE via a sample of 379 consumers surveyed at three different points in time as well as sequential mediation and cross‐lagged structural equation modeling. The findings highlight the distinct importance of the indirect and total effects of the instruments for loyalty through offline and online RBE. Furthermore, offline and online RBE reciprocally affect loyalty decisions to different extents, providing additional insights into the roles of the instruments. These findings have direct implications for managers seeking to understand the role of marketing instruments and the interactive role of offline and online RBE in customer loyalty.

Against a backdrop of increasing globalisation, deregulation, and the rapid pace of technological innovation, the primary task of management today is the leadership of organisational change. Seeks to examine the role of leadership in managing the challenge of deliberate large‐scale change and whether it is possible to pinpoint factors that are critical to leading change effectively. Also investigates the view that effective change leadership involves instrumental and charismatic roles, integrating operational know‐how with strong interpersonal skills. Uses a qualitative, case study approach, involving three multinational companies operating in Australia. Cross‐case analysis indicates that effective change leaders recognise the importance of blending the charismatic and instrumental dimensions of change leadership. The ability to conciliate and balance the two roles depends primarily on whether a leader possesses certain qualities and attributes required for effective change leadership. Strong interpersonal skills permeate these key change leadership qualities and attributes and provide the nexus between the charismatic and instrumental roles.

This study investigated the role performance and challenges of male single-parents in the Central Region of Ghana using a descriptive and evaluative survey approach. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted to select 300 male single-parents for the study. Pretested questionnaire and interview schedule were used to collect the data. The Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (Version 16.0) software was used to analyse the data. The major findings of the study were that the performance of instrumental and expressive roles had affected aspects of lives of the respondents. The major challenges faced by the respondents included time constraints, fatigue and loneliness. It is recommended that the local government, central government and non-governmental organizations should undertake human resource development programmes in the Central Region to equip male single-parents with the necessary knowledge, skills and attitudes for the performance of both expressive and instrumental roles in the home. Family life professionals should also expand their programmes to cater for the interests and struggles of male single-parents.

This paper describes a comprehensive survey of English verbs that semantically allow or require an Instrument role. It sheds light on the nature of Instrument roles and instrumentality by examining the distribution in semantic space of those verbs. We show first that verbs that semantically require instruments are typically semantically more complex than predicted by current theories of the structural complexity of verb meanings. We also show that verbs that require or allow instruments constrain the end states of situations they describe more than they constrain the agent's initial activity. Our survey further suggests that the causal role played by the instrument is more varied than suggested by previous studies and requires the introduction of a new subtype of causal relation, which we dub helping. Finally, our survey demonstrates that verbs that semantically require an instrument cluster together more closely in semantic space and constrain the instrument's (causal) role and properties more than verbs that merely allow the presence of an instrument.

Attempts to estimate the contribution made by motor activity to insight problem solving is hindered by a lack of detailed description of motor behavior. The goal of this study was to develop and put to the test a novel method for studying the dynamics of insight problem solving based on a quantitative analysis of ongoing motor activity. As a proper problem model, we chose the nine-dot problem (Maier, 1930), in which solvers had to draw a sequence of connected line segments. Instead of using the traditional pen-and-paper way of solving the nine-dot problem we asked participants to use their index finger to draw line segments on the surface of a tablet computer. We are arguing that successful studying of the role of motor activity during problem solving requires the distinction between its instrumental and functional role. We considered the functional role on the motor activity as closely related to the on-line mode of motor planning. The goal of Experiment 1 was to explore the potential power of the method and, at the same time, to assay the patterns of motor activity related to on-line and off-line modes of motor planning. Experiments 2 and 3 were designed to uncover the potential impact of preliminary motor training on the motor output of successful and unsuccessful problem solvers. In these experiments, we tested hypotheses on how preliminary motor training, which presumably played a functional role in Experiment 2 and an instrumental role in Experiment 3, affects the motor activity of a problem solver and hence their effectiveness in solving the problem. The three experiments showed consistent results. They suggest that successful solving of the nine-dot problem relies upon the functional role of motor activity and requires both off-line and on-line modes of motor planning, with the latter helping to overcome the perceptual constraints imposed by a spatial arrangement of the nine dots. The method that we applied allows for systematic comparison between successful and unsuccessful problem solvers based on the quantitative parameters of their motor activity. Through it, we found new specific patterns of motor activity that differentiate successful and unsuccessful solvers.

The role of fiscal instruments in encouraging the private sector and smallholders to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation: Evidence from Indonesia

Viktoria Gunes ar samtidskonstnar och har en master i Kultur- och Medieproduktion fran Malmo Hogskola. Hon kombinerar frilansuppdrag med arbete pa Foreningen for Nutida Svenskt Silver. Hon ar intresserad av kopplingen mellan konst och samhalle, civilsamhallets betydelse for kulturen och av att utforska villkoren for de professionella kulturskaparna. English abstract The Useful Uselessness of the Arts This article aims to problematize and nuance the dichotomy between the intrinsic value of the arts versus their instrumental role, which is currently being debated within Swedish cultural policy on the national government level. Konstframjandets riksorganisation; an arts organisation whose art project Skiss illustrates this dichotomy, is here serving as a case study. The organisation receives a State grant for making art available to all. With the help of previous research dealing with the dichotomy between the intrinsic value of the arts and their instrumental role, I explore Konstframjandet's view on the value of the arts, in relation to the view on the arts expressed within current national cultural policy documents. Which conflicts and agreements are there and what are the consequences? I further investigate the arguments used to legitimise the arts within Swedish cultural policy, and thus touch upon the legitimacy of cultural policy itself. The arguments used to entitle public grants to the arts are here further explored and problematized. In relation to the dichotomy between the intrinsic value of the arts and their instrumental role, a general view regarding the role of the arts and the artists' roles in society is presented.

The ways in which other animal species can be informative about human biology are not exhausted by the traditional picture of the animal model. In this paper, I propose to distinguish two roles which laboratory organisms can have in biomedical research. In the more traditional case, organisms act as surrogates for human beings, and as such are expected to be more manageable replicas of humans. However, animal models can inform us about human biology in a much less straightforward way, by being used as measuring devices-what I call their instrumental role. I first characterize this role and provide criteria for it, before illustrating it with some examples from biomedical research, especially cancer research. In such an instrumental role, phenotypes are not expected to phenocopy human phenomena, but instead have the purely instrumental value of detecting or measuring differences. I argue that the instrumental role is more prevalent than might first be suspected, and that some characteristics of contemporary biomedical research are increasingly shifting the use of laboratory organisms to the instrumental role. Finally, in light of the distinction proposed, I discuss the meaning of the expression "animal model".

Basic rights are often of great instrumental value in securing protection for important human needs and interests. The first two sections of this paper defend the thesis that basic rights are also valuable independently of their instrumental role. Taking my cue from Frances Kamm's suggestion that basic rights reflect or express human worth, in the third, fourth and fifth sections I develop the proposal that the non-instrumental value of basic rights derives from their constitutive role in a universal form of community or fellowship. The importance of basic rights' instrumental role is reaffi rmed in the final section of the paper, which builds on the earlier sections to offer a 'mixed' theory according to which basic rights have both instrumental and non-instrumental value.

What we must keep in mind is that although nanotechnology is an emerging and high technology, it is still technology or, in other words, it has an instrumental nature and in order to study its effect on societies we have to consider the role of instruments’ evolution in societies and study nanotechnology as the most recent part of this trend. In this article we study the nature of modern technologies, role of technology based economy on different social and political aspects of developing countries; we have a review on the concept of social and political modernity and describe how development of nanotechnology will accelerate those countries’ modernization from social and political point of view in addition to modernizing their economy. So this paper is a cross‐disciplinary study between nanotechnology and social sciences. There are two different scenarios about the future of nanotechnology. One is the proof of radical nanotechnology and the other is the acceptance of the claim that nanotechnology is only an enabling technology. In the present paper, we studied the effects of both scenarios. The obstacles to modernity in Iran and potential effect of nanotechnology on them are studied as a case study. Santrauka Nors nanotechnologija yra nauja ir pažangi technologija, ji tėra tik instrumentas. Norint įvertinti jos reikšmę visuomenei, reikia išnagrinėti panašių instrumentų raidą visuomenėse ir vertinti nanotechnologiją kaip naujausią tendenciją. Šiame straipsnyje ištirta šiuolaikinių technologijų prigimtis, technologijos vaidmuo žinių ekonomikoje skirtingais besivystančių šalių socialiniais ir politiniais periodais, apžvelgtos socialinio ir politinio šiuolaikiškumo sąvokos, apibūdinta, kaip išsivysčiusios nanotechnologijos pagreitins šalių modernizaciją socialiniu ir politiniu požiūriu be jų ekonomikos modernizavimą. Šis straipsnis yra nanotechnologijos ir socialinių mokslų tarpdisciplininė studija. Yra du skirtingi nanotechnologijos ateities scenarijai: pirmasis teigia, kad nanotechnologija sukels radikalių pokyčių; antrasis skelbia, kad nanotechnologija yra tiktai galimybių suteikimo technologija. Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėti abiejų scenarijų padariniai, tirtos kliūtys šiuolaikiškumui Irane įsitvirtinti ir nanotechnologijos poveikis šaliai.

Surgical site infection, ultraclean ventilated operating theatres and prosthetic joint surgery: where now?

Sweating the assets – The role of instrumentation, control and automation in urban water systems