Abstract
The effect of aqueous and ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on cervical HeLa tumor cells, mammary adenocarcinoma MCF 7 tumor cells and acute lymphoblastic leukemia CEM tumor cells in vitro have been studied. The purpose of this research was to compare the effect of aqueous and ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on selected tumor cells. Colorimetric MTT assay have been used for the study of the antiproliferative effect of aqueous and ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus on cell viability in vitro. The results of the experiments have shown the cytotoxic effect of the aqueous and the ether Chelidonium majus haulms extract on the individual tumor cells. The aqueous Chelidonium majus haulms extract was the most effective on CEM cells, it was less effective on MCF 7 cells and it was the least effective on HeLa cells. The ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus was the most effective at all of studied concentrations on CEM cells and MCF 7 cells in comparison with HeLa cells, where it was significantly effective only at the highest concentration. Aqueous and ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus tested in vitro indicated their cytotoxic activity. Both haulms extract of Chelidonium majus were more efficient on CEM cells. It is assumed that higher antiproliferative activity of ether haulms extract of Chelidonium majus is the result of higher antiproliferative activity of lipophilic substances. The lipophilic substances pass through membrane and bind to various proteins and change their biological activity.
Highlights
The benefit of medicinal plants is their natural occurrence and lower incidence of adverse effects
Benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid TBA pass through the cell membrane in tertiary lipophilic structure and inside the cell it is converted to quaternary hydrophilic structure KBA, that has an antibacterial, antiviral and cytotoxic effect (Ishikawa, 2001)
Several studies confirmed the cytotoxic effect of Chelidonium majus in the treatment of cancer (Lanvers-Kaminsky et al, 2006)
Summary
The benefit of medicinal plants is their natural occurrence and lower incidence of adverse effects. The content and the ratio of alkaloids in individual parts of plant depends on many factors the vegetation period. The highest content of alkaloids of all of plant organs have been found in the root (Slavik, 1980). The duality of the effect of Chelidonium majus extracts in vitro and in vivo can be assumed according the experimental results from existing scientific literature (Dostal & Slavik, 2000). Important dual property of benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloids as the main constituent of Chelidonium majus is the reversible conversion of their quaternary structure to tertiary isomer Quaternary polar form (KBA) is brightly colored and highly soluble in water—hydrophilic. The tertiary non-polar form (TBA) is colored and highly soluble in lipids – lipophilic (Dostal & Slavik, 2000).
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