The cultural factor in the implementation of strategic projects for poverty reduction and sustainable development in Iraq, the use of artificial intelligence technologies and promising areas of personnel training in the context of digitalization: experien

The article analyzes the legal aspects of the use of combat artificial intelligence technologies, foreign experience in the use of artificial intelligence technologies in combat and counter-terrorism operations. The article is devoted to the analysis of the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies in military affairs. The growing importance of combat artificial intelligence technologies has an impact on the modern geopolitical and foreign economic situation. The use of combat artificial intelligence by the armed forces of the state is becoming a key factor in ensuring the security and survival of the state. This emphasizes the need for legal regulation of the use of combat artificial intelligence technologies in modern conditions. The article examines historical and modern examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the armed forces of various countries, such as the USA, China and Russia, as well as the experience of implementing various software that allows autonomous control of combat equipment, identifying targets and making decisions without human participation. Automation and intellectualization of weapons systems are changing the nature of warfare, creating new challenges for humanity and the legal systems of various states. Significant funds are allocated for the development and implementation of combat artificial intelligence technologies by various countries of the world. Despite the rapid development of technologies, legal regulation of their use remains at a low level, which creates potential risks of legal regulation of the use of combat artificial intelligence. The article reveals the issue of the legal personality of artificial intelligence and the need to adopt special legislation to eliminate legal gaps and resolve the issue of legal liability for actions committed by artificial intelligence during military operations. In this article, the authors focus on the importance of introducing artificial intelligence technologies into various types of weapons as a factor capable of changing the outcome of military operations, and also emphasize the need to develop legal norms to manage the risks associated with the adoption of independent decisions by artificial intelligence

With the progress of society and the building of a community with a Shared future for mankind, environmental protection has gradually become the top priority in China’s infrastructure construction. The government and private capital jointly carry out the infrastructure construction of environmental protection PPP projects. In the construction of environmental protection PPP project, whether the sustainable development is the key to the success of the project. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the key factors of PPP project’s sustainable development for the successful implementation of the project. By constructing the key factors of sustainable development of environmental protection PPP projects, the principal component analysis method is used to identify and classify the key factors of sustainable development. It is concluded that the key factors of the sustainable development of PPP projects include sustainable economic and social benefits, sustainable engineering, sustainable resources and environment, and sustainable project management. Through the implementation and construction of key factors of environmental protection PPP project, the sustainable development of the project can be improved, so that the ecological environment can be protected in the long run.

Methods. The study of the problem of selecting projects for sustainable development of an enterprise, taking into account the interests of stakeholders, is based on the theoretical and methodological concepts of sustainable development, stakeholders, project management, rational and irrational behaviour of economic subjects. General scientific methods of research that were used are the method of analysis and synthesis – in the study of corporate sustainable development in the aspect of project management; general and specific – when justifying the specifics of taking into account the interests of stakeholders during the selection of sustainable development projects for an enterprise; cluster analysis – when substantiating the group interest of the company’s stakeholders; discrete analysis – when proving the discreteness property of such indicators as benefits and contributions to projects of corporate sustainable development. Results. The article researches the methodological problem of ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises in the context of the need to achieve global goals of sustainable development for the socio-economic and ecological post-war development of Ukraine and the consolidation of society around the implementation of sustainable development projects. The debatable nature of some aspects of modern mechanisms for ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises is shown. The attitude of scientists to the participation of stakeholders in ensuring the sustainable development of enterprises is analysed. It is substantiated that the sustainable development of enterprises is possible if the interests of stakeholders are taken into account. The problem of choosing projects for the sustainable development of enterprises if the interests of stakeholders are taken into account is described. It is proposed to solve the problem of choosing projects of sustainable development of an enterprise by the method of fuzzy sets, which will allow taking into account the subjective evaluation judgments of stakeholders regarding the amounts of benefits and contributions to projects of corporate sustainable development. Novelty. Based on the generalization of theoretical provisions, the problem is outlined and directions for improving the sustainable development of the enterprise are proposed based on taking into account the interests of stakeholders during the selection of sustainable development projects in order to achieve the global goals of sustainable development at the state level. Practical value. The outlined problem of choosing projects of corporate sustainable development with taking into account the interests of stakeholders and the proposed ways of its solving will allow managers to form more consciously effective management mechanisms for decision-making with the involvement of stakeholders and will condition the achievement of global goals of sustainable development at the state level.

The paper provides reasons for considering sustainable development paradigm as the most efficient and effective way for Ukrainian enterprises to achieve goals of post-war revitalization fast. Furthermore, the study substantiates that the sustainable development of enterprises, which is corporate sustainable development uniting corporate social accountability and shared social responsibility, in the conditions of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine can be ensured on the basis of achieving a balance between the interests of stakeholders and the company's ability to implement sustainable development projects. In order to provide corporate sustainable development, the study offers distinguishing three types of stakeholders: those who do economic pressures towards enterprise, those who do social pressure and those who do environmental pressures on corporate management. It is proposed to determine the group common interest of the company's stakeholders, expressed in terms of the benefits they want to receive and the contributions they are ready to make to sustainable development projects, using the method of cluster analysis. It has been proven that the subjective assessments of stakeholders regarding the value of any sustainable development project for them influence the choice of the final project of sustainable development that corresponds to the capabilities of the enterprise. This is due to the property of discreteness of the amounts of benefits and contributions to the projects of sustainable development of the enterprise, with the help of which the group common interest of stakeholders is set. The process of comparing sustainable development projects that represent the interests of stakeholders with projects that meet the company's capabilities is shown, and the scientific and practical task of choosing the final project based on the balance of stakeholders' interests and the company's capabilities is described. The stages of ensuring the sustainable development of the enterprise on the basis of taking into account the interests of stakeholders during the implementation of projects in the social, economic and environmental spheres are analyzed. It is substantiated that it is advisable to solve the task of choosing projects of sustainable development of the enterprise under the influence of subjective assessments of stakeholders using the method of fuzzy sets. Creating fuzzy variables connected to stakeholders’ assessments of endeavors allows managers of enterprises to ensure sustainable development project selection considering stakeholders’ subjective impact factor

Присвячено формуванню моделі крос-секторного партнерства громади, влади і донорів у реалізації проектів сталого розвитку громад. Особлива увага при цьому приділяється фінансовим аспектам крос-секторного партнерства сторін. Установлено сутність соціо-еколого-економічної відповідальності кожного зі стейкхолдерів згідно із запропонованою моделлю, також проаналізовано етапи її імплементації при реалізації конкретного проекту сталого розвитку громад, досліджено основні нормативно-правові акти, які регламентують умови конкурсного відбору проектів сталого розвитку громад, визначено основні умови фінансової підтримки реалізації проектів сталого розвитку громад з урахуванням чисельності населення та рівня соціально-економічного розвитку регіонів відповідно до показника валового регіонального продукту, а також розглянуло основні схеми фінансування таких проектів. Для забезпечення об’єктивності оцінювання проектів сталого розвитку громад запропоновано фінансові критерії оцінки і вимоги до змісту проектних пропозицій регіонального розвитку, що відображають схему співфінансування проектів крос-секторного партнерства основних стейкхолдерів. Зроблено висновок про те, що фінансова підтримка проектів сталого розвитку громад також зросла, що зумовлено збільшенням розмірів місцевих бюджетів унаслідок реформи децентралізації в Україні. А це, у свою чергу, по-перше, відкрило можливості до залучення грантових коштів до фінансування проектів соціального, екологічного та економічного напрямів, ураховуючи специфіку і рівень регіонального розвитку цих сфер, а по-друге, активізувало участь самої громади у конструктивному співробітництві з органами місцевого самоврядування та донорськими фондами задля реалізації конкретних кроків із забезпечення сталого розвитку регіонів.

Purpose. The purpose of this study is to improve the theoretical and methodological foundations of sustainable development management introduced into an enterprise environment for achieving SDG 2030 by creating scientific proofs of the best choice among sustainable development projects taking into account the stakeholders’ opinions and applying fuzzy set method. Design/methodology/approach. In the article, the authors used the literature review method in order to support the idea of topicality of sustainable development of enterprises and reveal the high relevance of the study of sustainable development project choice by means of fuzzy logic method. To achieve the goal, the article used general scientific methods that ensured the integrity of the research, in particular: methods of theoretical generalization and abstraction – for systematization of scientific results and formulation of conclusions; structural analysis, grouping and combination of features of the investigated objects – to identify groups of stakeholders of the sustainable development of the enterprise. A special method of fuzzy sets was used to adapt the vague and subjective judgments of stakeholders on the value of sustainable development projects to the process of managerial decision-making regarding the selection of sustainable development projects. Findings. The sustainable development of the enterprise is limited or does not meet the global goals of sustainable development until 2030, if the opinion of a wide range of stakeholders is not taken into account during the implementation of social and environmental projects. Sustainable development concept of the balanced stakeholders’ interests rather than social, economic and environmental areas is discussed. Projects for the sustainable development of the enterprise are to be selected on the basis of the information obtained from external and internal participants in relation to the enterprise who act in socio-economic environment. The information base regarding the opinion of stakeholders on the value of a sustainable development project for them can be shaped as fuzzy variables, giving respondents the option to express subjective, ambiguous, evaluative judgments instead of unambiguous and formalized ones, which will increase the quality of decisionmaking on the selection of sustainable development projects implemented by an enterprise. Practical implications. The study provides managers of an enterprise with the tools of making choice among sustainable development projects that is guided not only by managerial views on the enterprise profitability but also external stakeholders’ vague and subjective judgments on sustainable development project value. The paper opens the concept of stakeholders involved into decision-making that can be used by an enterprise for enhancing its image as one with corporate social responsibility excellence. Originality/value. This study highlights the case that is an evidence of the presence of an alternative stakeholders’ opinion causing the problem of choosing sustainable development projects of the enterprise. The research outlines three types of stakeholders, whose judgments should be taken into account when choosing projects for the sustainable development of an enterprise. A universal indicator of a sustainable development project implemented by an enterprise, in relation to which an information base of evaluative judgments of stakeholders should be formed, is determined. The study proposes fuzzy variables for the selection of enterprise sustainable development projects based on fuzzy logic.

This study demonstrates the antecedents and challenges of innovation in sustainable development (SD) projects. In particular, a systematic literature review is conducted to highlight the challenges of innovation, that can suppress the efficient attainment of innovation benefits, in SD projects. The findings indicate that the positive benefits of innovation, in SD projects, are applying new strategies, developing new management practices, increasing interests and commitments of project team members, obtaining a better quality, attaining competitive advantages, introducing active influencers, establishing more engagement and collaborative work among team members, and satisfying project stakeholders. On the other side, innovation challenges that could act as barriers to achieve these benefits, in SD projects, are innovation resistance, stakeholders’ requirements, pressure from clients to meet the SD project goals, diverse project environment, dynamic and unstable markets, project structure and characteristics, compliance with the common goals between innovation and sustainable development projects, and less management support and commitment for innovation. In brief, if project team members could overcome these challenges, innovation could be adopted and implemented effectively in sustainable development projects.

To support an effective diffusion of innovations (DOI) in sustainable development (SD) projects, this paper presents a research-based integrative model to illustrate the factors leading the process of diffusion of innovation to succeed or fail in sustainable development projects. The proposed integrative model is based on diffusion of innovation principles founded in the research of Everett Rodgers that emphasizes the process of an effective innovation diffusion. Special emphasis is placed on determining not only the success factors for adequate innovation diffusion, but also on enabling a successful adoption to take place. Key finding obtained from the proposed integrative model is that there are three main stages for adopting DOI in SD projects that are creation of innovative ideas in SD projects, DOI ideas in SD projects, and adoption of innovative ideas in sustainable development projects. Each one of these stages leads to two possibilities that are the success or failure of that stage, depending of the fulfillment of the suggested factors for each option. In brief, the suggested integrated model proposes that the DOI in SD projects will succeed if the three core stages meet the success factors.

In modern conditions digital technologies are actively developed and used all over the world. The accelerated development of digital technologies over the past years suggests paying attention to the problems of introducing artificial intelligence technologies, infocommunication technologies into the system of state and municipal administration in Russia. The introduction and use of artificial intelligence and infocommunication technologies in the state public administration system requires a systematic assessment and methodological substantiation of its parameters. In this regard, at present, one of the urgent problems of the development of the system of state and municipal administration is the problem of determining the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the system of state and municipal administration. The purpose of the research is to consider various methods for assessing the effectiveness of the use of information and communication technologies in the public administration system and to develop a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of state authorities. To achieve the goal, the tasks of justifying the need to assess the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in the public administration system are solved, systems of indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies by state authorities are considered. The methodological basis of the research is a systemic, empirical approach. The works of domestic and foreign authors in the field of artificial intelligence and introduction of information and communication technologies into the public administration system are the theoretical and methodological basis of the research. The result of the research is a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system. The proposed approach to assessing the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system makes it possible to characterize the process of using artificial intelligence technologies in the public administration system in the present and future periods, and to identify the most significant directions for increasing the efficiency of using artificial intelligence technologies in the activities of state authorities.

Introduction. Legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the state governance framework is important due to the rapid development of the respective technologies, which are already integrated into the work of the bodies of government power of the Russian Federation. Implementation of AI opens up new opportunities for optimisation of processes, increase of transparency and expansion of accessibility of government services. At the same time, it causes a number of difficult problems for the legislation to solve: from ensuring ethical standards and protecting personal data to development of the adequate legal mechanisms regulating the interaction between a human and a machine. Modern society requires the legal system to be flexible and efficient to correspond to the technological progress dynamics. Therefore, it is necessary not only to revise the acting legal norms, but also to determine the principles for the new AI-related legal norms to be built on. Only thoroughly elaborated legal regulation can create an environment, where the innovative solutions harmoniously complement the traditional institutions without infringing the rights of citizens, thus, strengthening citizens’ trust in the state authorities. The aim of the study is to investigate in detail the key problems, challenges and opportunities induced by the integration of AI into state governance in the Russian Federation, as well as to reason the need for forming a comprehensive legal regulation that simultaneously fosters the technological development of society and ensures protection of the citizens’ rights.Materials and Methods. The dialectical-materialistic approach was used as the main methodological tool, which allowed us to analyse the evolution of legal norms and the main trends of their application in the context of continuous technological development. Due to the use of historical, logical, system and functional analysis methods, it became possible to trace the development of the legislative initiatives referring to AI, identify the relationships between the norms of various branches of law, as well as to prove the importance of legal system holism and to study the legal norms as the tools for achieving the state goals and ensuring protection of interests of the Russian citizens.Results. Several pivotal results concerning legal regulation of the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the state governance framework in Russia were distinguished. The necessity of separating the concepts of “Smart Information Systems” (SIS) and "Artificial Intelligence Systems" (AIS) was substantiated. The expediency of creating a juridical classification of AIS by the level of autonomy and potential threat to the information security was proved. The need for development and adoption of the uniform ethical standards regulating the use of AI was reasoned, since in the context of the digital restructuring of state institutions, a uniform system of ethical standards would serve a basis for maintaining social sustainability and strengthening public trust in the state authorities. Particular attention was paid to the risk-oriented approach to implementation of AI into the work of the bodies of government power, which enables the distribution of the areas of responsibility and development of mechanisms for monitoring the crucial-decision-making systems.Discussion and Conclusion. Discussion of the legal framework for the use of artificial intelligence has now a leading position in the agenda of any state. Based on the international experience, Russia can form its own system of normative legal regulation aimed at reducing risks without infringing constitutional rights and freedoms. However, the process of developing and adapting the legislation on the use of AI in state governance framework requires close cooperation between scientists, jurists, programmers, and public officers. Only efficient cooperation of all stakeholders can ensure the harmonious coexistence of the trustworthy legal institutions and advanced technologies, and form a basis for the sustainable development of society. Future scientific research should be aimed at developing a harmonious legal model that would combine ethical principles, requirements to quality of data, and reliable procedures for monitoring algorithms and their results.

PurposeTemporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a significant subtype of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). The purpose of this study was to comprehensively summarize the current literature on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the diagnosis and management of TMJOA using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and MethodsThis systematic review was pre-registered in the PROSPERO database (PROSPERO CRD42024509772). Up to December 2023, research was conducted using Google Scholar, Embase, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases to identify studies evaluating the use of AI technologies in the management and diagnosis of TMJOA via CBCT. The search strategy included MeSH terms, keywords, and their combinations. Risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.ResultsOut of 2,543 articles retrieved, a total of 9 studies were included in this systematic review. All included studies were observational and employed AI models based on convolutional neural networks, including SVA, SSD, LightGBM, XGBoost, and YOLO. The performance of these models varied, with accuracy ranging from 73.5% to 99% and F1-scores between 0.80 and 0.86. Among these, YOLO demonstrated the highest accuracy for the assessment and diagnosis of TMJOA using CBCT scans.ConclusionAI algorithms developed for the automated diagnosis of TMJOA can be utilized by clinicians as decision-support tools. Incorporating diverse input data types, such as electronic medical records, radiomics features, and biomarkers, alongside diagnostic imaging may further increase the diagnostic accuracy for TMDs.

This paper demonstrates the personality traits (PTs) of project managers (PMs) that have a positive impact on the delivery of sustainable development (SD) projects. A pertinent literature review is performed to determine the PTs that result in the successful adoption and implementation of projects. Then, this has been narrowed down to focus on the PMs’ PTs that have a positive impact on the delivery of SD projects. Based on the different arguments, the primary purpose of this investigation is to provide a conceptual framework that illustrates the PMs’ PTs that positively influence the delivery of SD projects. The exploration indicates that there are five main categories of PMs’ PTs that influence the success of SD projects that are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. As a result, this research provides a conceptual framework inclusively for PMs, to relate the found PTs to the efficacious completion of SD projects. Primarily, the study conceptual framework explains that PMs who acquire the found PTs have a higher potential to efficiently deliver SD projects.

<p><em>The report “Our Common Future” gives a definition of sustainable development. </em></p><p><em>In principle, the idea of sustainable development is extremely humane and noble, and it has no alternative. But at the same time this idea in the modern world looks very unrealistic. This is more a slogan than a scientific concept. Sustainable development of our planet is a global process, it is an ideal, because our planet is a single balanced geoecological system. However, today theoretically sustainable development can be achieved only in a small number of highly developed post-industrial countries. In developing countries, unfortunately, there can be no question of sustainable development. In other words, at the global level, it is not possible to achieve sustainable development in the near future.</em></p><p><em>There can be no sustainable development in a single country. But this does not mean that all countries without exception do not need to implement environmental protection activity. On the contrary, it is necessary to carry out such activities everywhere. But this will not be sustainable development, this will be local measures for the rational use of nature. But all these measures are of a local nature, they will not become global, which means that this will not be a sustainable development.</em></p><p><em>However, the term “sustainable development” has gained wide popularity, is humane in nature, so it may remain, but we should remember that this is just a conditional term, and in fact it is a rational use of nature on a local level.</em></p><p><em>Examples of sustainable development strategies and projects in a number of countries are given. It is shown that most of these projects are in essence projects on rational nature use in individual regions. The other part which concerns global problems, can be implemented only by developed countries, they also cannot be sustainable development projects.</em></p>

A strategy for sustainable development is a significant milestone on the road to a more socially, economically and environmentally responsible society. It creates a framework within which the stakeholders can make a strong contribution to a better future. Because of the merits and growing interest in sustainable development, the race is on for researchers and stakeholders in the construction sector to initiate actions to reduce the negative impacts of development and sharpen their competitive edge. The cities should be created with a vision which supports harmonious communities and living conditions through sustainable urban development. The resources must be used efficiently while reducing the development impact on human health and environment during the buildings' life cycle. Environmental auditing and pressure-state response based models to monitor sustainable development in Malaysia should be developed. A data availability and sharing system should be developed and implemented to facilitate for the use in the establishment of sustainable development and low carbon society. Ideas which affect millions of people and guide the policies of nations must be accessible to all. Only thus can they permeate the institutions from the local to the global level. Creating sustainable development and low carbon societies depends on the knowledge and involvement of all stakeholders in the industry. So what is our level of understanding of GIS and its application? The development of geospatial data in Malaysia is important because the successful implementation of sustainable development and low carbon projects depend largely on the availability of geospatial information. It would facilitate the stakeholders and resolve some of the problems regarding the availability, quality, organisation, accessibility and sharing of spatial information. The introduction of GIS may change the way for better sustainable urban development and low carbon society performance. The use of GIS is to improve decision making to implement development methods, awareness for the need for sustainable development and in development control to provide the information on the distance from the proclaimed objective. Malaysia should not fall in its attitude on sustainable development, green design, sustainable construction and a low carbon society. Literature review on GIS is carried out to understand the philosophy, concept, principles, challenges and advantages of using GIS for sustainable urban development and low carbon societies. This paper would encourage our understanding about the state of geographical information system (GIS) in sustainable development and its application which would further stimulate actions and strategies towards a sustainable built environment.

The article is devoted to the application of artificial intelligence in education and highlighting opportunities and problems in the context of sustainable development. The current state of introduction of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process is analyzed. The technologies of artificial intelligence, which are most often used in the educational process are generalized into the following categories: cognitive services; virtual, mixed and augmented reality; Internet of things and peripheral computing; metacognitive scaffolding. The advantages of using the artificial intelligence in educational processes depending on the impact on its beneficiaries are generalized: students, teachers, students’ parents, heads of educational institutions, local governments. It is proved that the learning process can be significantly effective through the use of artificial intelligence technologies and the creation of individual training programs based on the use of analytical data obtained from the application of these technologies. It is found that the main advantage of using artificial intelligence in education is the individualization and personalization of the educational process. The benefits are pointed out which heads of educational institutions and local governments receive from the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process in order to ensure sustainable development, including transparency and accountability of decisions, rational and energy efficient use of resources. Discussion issues of confidentiality and depersonalization of students’ data who are processed by artificial intelligence during the educational process are revealed; it is recommended to differentiate the responsibility for access, storage and use of personal and confidential data by educational institutions. Prospects for further scientific research are outlined - further personalization and individualization of the educational process.