Abstract
In this introduction, we present the main contributions of this special collection, which aim to open the analysis to the broader political and economic processes that underpin Venezuela’s recent crisis. We highlight the transition from a limited democracy to an authoritarian regime and some of the potential pathways to democratization. We further explain how the political transition that occurred in the last decade was influenced by structural conditions of the Venezuelan economy, elaborating on the collapse of the Venezuelan rentier economy and some of the emerging processes that feed the strengthening of authoritarianism. Lastly, we analyse how these transformations have been affected by a changing international order with emerging actors and dynamics in a global order upheaval. The articles in this special collection locate in Venezuela’s crisis on broader theoretical discussions rooted in comparative and historical perspectives. Resumen: Crisis en Venezuela: Actores, transiciones y vias En esta introduccion, presentamos las principales contribuciones de esta coleccion especial, cuyo objetivo es abrir un analisis a los amplios procesos politicos y economicos que sustentan la reciente crisis de Venezuela. Destacamos la transicion de una democracia limitada a un regimen autoritario y algunas de las posibles vias hacia la democratizacion. Explicamos ademas como la transicion politica que ocurrio en la ultima decada estuvo influida por las condiciones estructurales de la economia venezolana, explicando el colapso de la economia rentista venezolana y algunos de los procesos emergentes que alimentan el fortalecimiento del autoritarismo. Por ultimo, analizamos como estas transformaciones se han visto afectadas por un orden internacional cambiante con actores y dinamicas emergentes en una agitacion del orden global. Los articulos de esta coleccion especial situan la crisis de Venezuela en debates teoricos mas amplios enraizados en perspectivas comparativas e historicas.
Highlights
In the second half of the 2010s, Venezuela has been undergoing the most profound crisis of any society in modern Latin America, and on many accounts, the deepest crisis of any non-war-ridden country in recent times
The country lost 62 percent of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) between 2013 and 2019. It went from being a limited democracy to an authoritarian regime
The Venezuelan crisis has been described as a multidimensional one, stemming from its political system and economic structures and touching on significant social and even cultural dynamics
Summary
In the second half of the 2010s, Venezuela has been undergoing the most profound crisis of any society in modern Latin America, and on many accounts, the deepest crisis of any non-war-ridden country in recent times. The first decades of the twenty-first century have been characterized by significant international changes: Power has shifted away from the West and created competition for global leadership; dominating norms of multilateral principles are challenged; and authoritarianism is on the rise.
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