“The Cost of Living” in a Technologized World

Artikkel annab ülevaate 20. sajandi alguse kirjandusliku avangardi suhetest tehnikaga. Avangardi (eriti futurismi) jaoks pidi tehnika saama loomise eeskujuks ja masinate seadused esteetilise loovuse seadusteks. Artikkel väidab, et paljud avangardi tekstiuuenduslikud ideaalid on vastuolus tehnika ideaalidega ja iseloomustavad ennekõike loodust. Tehnika väärtustas tulemust, avangard protsessi. Tehnika väärtustas süsteemsust, ennustatavust, koopialisust, avangard vabarütme, ennustamatust ja originaalsust. Tehnika nõudis ratsionaalsust ja eesmärgipärast tegutsemist, avangard kuulutas intuitsiooni ja prohvetlikku kujutlust. Tehnika tõi odavad masstooted, avangard hindas haruldust. Tehnika väärtustas funktsionaalsust, avangard ebafunktsionaalsust. Tehnika väärtustas puhtust ja hügieeni, avangard järgis inetuse esteetikat. Tehnika nõudis tootmises vigade ja häirete vältimist, avangard tõstis vea loovaks ideeks.
 
 The article examines the relationship between the early twentieth century international and Estonian literary avant-garde and new technology, which radically changed life and interpersonal relationships in Europe and America (trains, airplanes, metro, telephone, telegraph, skyscrapers, fast food, etc.).
 At first, I highlight general features connecting the new technology and its products, which emerged in distinct opposition to nature. The central activity in the world of technology appeared to be efficient, planned, and purposeful production, in which the main agents were engineer, designer, and worker. The new technology emphasized the value of the product, which rapidly became standardized and cheaply made mass-produced perfect copies of each other. The beauty of the new era was to be a technological, functionalist beauty. Production as a process had to operate without failures and the ideal product had to be without any defects. Therefore, the technological process had to be clean, even hygienic. The new technology established its own rhythm in modern cities, characterized by repeatability and predictability. At the same time, the technology covered cities by the voices that made up the noise of technology.
 It could be said, even, that the new technology exceeded the limits of time and space. The result was a world of simultaneity. At the same time, relationships and links between people became increasingly loose and the world and man’s worldview was characterized by increasing fragmentation.
 The early European avant-garde at the beginning of the twentieth century greeted the new world of technology and speed with great enthusiasm (Italian futurism, constructivism, etc.). Perhaps only early expressionism and Russian futurism had even more ambivalent attitude to the technology. The First World War significantly decreased the pre-war fascination with technology. The war destroyed the faith in the machines; the machine now became a destroyer, and the new mechanical man (a fusion of man and machine) came into view as a killer with killed soul. At the same time, modern technology became more and more common in the everyday life, and, hence, the attitude towards technology changed. The technology became a harrowing phenomenon.
 For early European avant-garde, the new technology was supposed to become a model for the creation and laws of machines laws of aesthetic creativity (Marinetti). We can find several features in the texts of avant-garde (especially in poetry), which are in accordance with the new world of speed and technology.
 Simultaneous and fragmented text represented simultaneity and fragmentarity of the world. The speed was intermediated by the telegram style, parataxis, glossolalia, onomatopoeia, mathematical symbols, etc. The artist’s ideal was engineer and machine had to become a model for making the text. I present examples of such new texts in Estonian avant-garde poetry and prose.
 However, much of the avant-garde ideas and ideals for textual innovation contradicted the ideals of technology. Whilst technology predominantly esteemed the result, the avant-garde valued the process of making the text. In addition, the world of technology expected systematics, predictability, repetitive rhythms, and copies while avant-garde proclaimed free rhythms, free verse, unpredictability, and originality. Technology insisted on rational and purposeful acting; avant-garde proclaimed intuition and prophetic imagination. Technology brought cheap mass products; avant-garde appreciated the rarity and expensiveness. Technology promoted utilitarianism and functionality; avant-garde non-functionality. Technology put stress on the cleanliness and hygiene of the products; avant-garde often followed the aesthetics of ugliness. Technology required efficiency and economy of production, avoiding mistakes and disturbances; avant-garde regarded error as a creative idea.
 I argue that many of these avant-garde ideas are very similar to nature. For example, chaos, illogicality, glossolalia, words-in-freedom, and zaum truly characterize nature. Originality, variability, unpredictable rhythms, non-systematicity are also the qualities of nature. Lack of purpose, irrationality, and lack of thought are features of nature. An error or a shift as the basis of creation and inefficiency characterizes nature, too. The aesthetics of ugliness parallels the ugliness of nature.
 Thus, the observance of the avant-garde ideals results in a text that, on the one hand, craves the world of technology and machines, but on the other hand goes back to the ideas and ideals of nature and seeks solutions largely in the same way as nature.

In the fast-paced world of technology, microprocessors and digital computer technologies play a vital role in powering the devices and systems we rely on every day. From smartphones and laptops to cars and industrial machinery, these technologies have revolutionized the way we live and work. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the intricacies of microprocessors and digital computer technologies, exploring their history, functionality, and applications. Microprocessors and digital computer technologies play a significant role in the energy supply of the devices and systems we use daily in the rapidly evolving world of technology. These technologies transform and enhance various application areas, from smartphones to laptops, and from automobiles to industrial machinery. In this comprehensive article, we will provide an in-depth analysis of microprocessors and digital computer technologies. We will discuss their history, functionality, and recent applications, providing insights into the fascinating world of these technological marvels. The history of these technologies encompasses a range of developments, and their functionalities have evolved significantly. While microprocessors were initially used for basic calculations and data processing, they are now more complex and powerful than ever. We will provide a detailed description of the fundamental components and functions that constitute digital computers. The principles of operation, application fields, and prospects of these technologies are analyzed in detail. This article emphasizes the significance of microprocessors and digital computer technologies in the technological world and highlights the broader prospects of this field. These essential components of the technological world enhance our daily lives and work, making them more efficient and comfortable. Detailed information in this field serves as a valuable resource, providing insights into the development of technology and how it shapes our future. Therefore, let's delve into the fascinating world of microprocessors and digital computer technologies. Keywords: microprocessor, digital computer, modern technology, important components

Through an exploration of the tension between tradition and innovation, this chapter hopes to offer a new positionality that might benefit those who have an interest in creativity or culture in their line of work. Tradition is defined through a consideration of folk culture’s notion of tradition in extremis and innovation by way of a personological understanding of creativity, again in extremis. The exploration takes place within a framework expounded by folklorist Bausinger in “Folk culture in a world of technology” (Bausinger, Folkskultur in der technischen Welt, W. Kohlhammer GmbH, 1961). By revisiting his concepts, and utilizing his notions of spatial expansion, temporal expansion, and social expansion as lenses, I reconsider folk culture, and the relationships it has with multidimensional topological theories of creativity in a world of digital technology. The chapter’s proposed positionality suggests that by connecting with or knowing the past and our cultural traditions, we can engage in a more personally and socially meaningful creative practice in the digital world. A secondary aim is to reflect upon how this standpoint promotes identity formation and broader social cohesion. And, finally, how it might in itself represent a folk realpolitik.

The emerging trend in the world of technology and Information Technology has posed so many opportunities and challenges. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a relatively new and rapidly developing technology due to the advancement and development of the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The application areas of wireless sensor and wireless sensor network in the society as tools towards achieving sustainable development range from the health sector through the use of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) to a safer, cleaner and healthier environment. This paper highlights and discusses the potentials of wireless sensor network technology in realizing sustainable development in our society, Nigeria as a case study. WSNs can be employed to improve access to quality health services, increased food production through precision agriculture to a better quality of human resources.

A Study of 'The World of Technology' Content Interpretation in 2007 Revision Elementary School Practical Arts Curriculum

Recognition of Middle School Students about 'World of Technology' part in the 2015 Revised 'Technology․Home Economics' Subject

이 연구의 목적은 2015 개정 ‘기술․가정’과 교육과정의 ‘기술의 세계’ 분야 내용체계에 대한 경기도 중학교 기술 담당 교사의 인식을 알아보는 데 있다. 이 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위해 경기도 중학교 기술 담당 교사가 성별, 전공, 기술 분야 교육 경력, 기술 교사 자격증 유무에 따라 인식하고 있는 ‘기술의 세계’ 분야 내용체계의 동의 수준과 중요도 순위를 구하였다. 2015 개정 교육과정 ‘기술의 세계’분야의 내용체계를 바탕으로 작성된 조사 도구를 이용하여 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, ‘기술의 세계’ 분야의 내용체계 중에서 기술 활용, 통신 기술, 미래 기술과 생명 기술, 신․재생 에너지, 미디어와 이동 통신, 지속 가능한 기술, 기술과 사회 변화, 발명 아이디어의 실현, 지속 가능한 발전과 같이 교육과정에 신설된 내용이나 첨단 기술 관련된 내용체계의 동의수준과 중요도가 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 제조 기술 시스템, 발명 아이디어의 실현, 지속 가능한 발전에 대한 동의 수준에서 성별에 따라 남교사와 여교사 사이에 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 2015 개정 교육과정에서 확대 개편된 기술의 이용과 표준은 동의수준과 중요도가 다른 내용요소와 비교해 낮게 나타났다. 따라서, 새로운 교육과정을 준비하는 기술 담당 교사에게 실질적 도움이 될 수 있는 방안 제시와 함께 변인에 따른 교사 집단 간 인식의 차이를 줄일 수 있는 방법을 고민해야 한다.The purpose of this study is to find out the recognition of technology teachers of Gyeonggi-do middle school about contents system in the ‘world of technology’ part of ‘technology․home economics’ in the 2015 revised national curriculum. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, this study found out the level of consent and importance of World of Technology contents system, which the technology teachers of Gyeonggi Middle School recognized according to their gender, major, technology education career. The following conclusions were drawn by using the research tool based on the content system of the World of Technology in the 2015 revised curriculum. First, among the contents system of technology world , the level of consent and importance of contents newly established in the curriculum or contents related to high technology such as technology utilization, communication technology, future technology and biotechnology, new and renewable energy, media and mobile communication, sustainable technology, realization of invention idea were high. Second, there was a significant difference between male and female teachers according to gender at the level of consent such as the manufacturing technology system, the realization of invention idea, sustainable development. Third, the use and standard of technology, which was expanded and revised in the 2015 revision curriculum, was lower than other content factor in terms of level of consent and importance.

In this era of disruption, the crime of manipulating electronic information, fraud, forgery or engineering using computer networks or the internet continues to grow. This study aims to examine the Rationalization of Criminology in Technology in the Disruption Era and Legal Reformulation in Preventing the Formation of Patterns of Criminological Rationalization in the World of Technology in the Disruption Era. With the formulation of the problem, namely the Rationalization of Criminology in the World of Technology in the Disruptive Era. Law Reformulation in Preventing the Formation of Criminological Rationalization Patterns in the World of Technology in a Disruptive Era. This research is a normative legal research with a statutory approach taken from secondary and tertiary data, which is then analyzed. The results of this study found that technology in the current era of disruption has significantly increased legal issues. So there is an urgency to carry out mapping as soon as possible to study criminology, which continues to this day. The contribution of this study is to provide an understanding and analysis of the problems related to the impact of the era of disruption and the influence of technology on the behavior of individuals and complex societies, so as to provide a basis for the government to reformulate the law more specific and detailed to prevent the formation of criminological rationalization patterns.

Journal Article Multinationals and industrial property: the control of the world's technology Get access Multinationals and industrial property: the control of the world's technology. By Gilles V. Bertinand Sally Wyatt. Hemel Hempstead, Herts: Harvester/Wheatsheaf. 1988. 177pp. Index. £22.50. ISBN 0 7450 0485 7. Martin Bloom Martin Bloom Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs, Volume 66, Issue 4, October 1990, Page 807, https://doi.org/10.2307/2620384 Published: 01 October 1990

Este artículo sintetiza y actualiza, en parte, lo que he desarrollado en el <em>libro Ética y mundo tecnológico</em> (2008). La tesis central es que el mundo tecnológico actual es en un sistema global de dominio sobre la naturaleza y sobre la sociedad; una red de sistemas técnicos que interactúan incrementando la complejidad de las interrelaciones y el alcance espaciotemporal de sus efectos, porque está gobernado por una razón tecnocientífica uniforme y basada en una nueva “fuerza mayor”. Por ello, es necesario analizar y repensar las condiciones y estructuras del mundo tecnológico en el que vivimos, así como cuestionar su racionalidad e imperativo tecnológico de transformación y dominación de todos los objetos naturales o técnicos. Los proyectos tecnológicos pueden ser reorientados o modificados si implican riesgos mayores para la naturaleza y para la vida humana. Por ello, es necesario y factible reconstruir una ética para el mundo tecnológico. Se exponen brevemente los cuatro principios fundamentales de una ética que evalúe los efectos del poder tecnológico: responsabilidad social, precaución, justicia distributiva y autonomía individual y comunitaria.

Yes, I strongly contend that knowledge is a duty and that we have to ‘‘respect people as things’’ and, after having read the review of my book Morality in a Technological World: Knowledge as Duty (Cambridge University Press 2007), where I explain that position (cf. Minds and Machines 19:2, 297–299), I am even more convinced that my claim (and so my suggestion) is good, when dealing with ethical problems in our era. Bernd Carsten Stahl, who positively illuminates my book from many perspectives (I thank him for his informed and intelligent attention and consideration), also says I have committed a ‘‘fundamental misunderstanding’’. Turning the tables, however, I must say: you, Bernd, misunderstood me, as I shall explain. Stahl begins his review by quoting from Jonathan Swift in the 18th century:

The Life We're Looking For: Reclaiming Relationship in a Technological World

Reviewed by: Technological Internationalism and World Order: Aviation, Atomic Energy, and the Search for International Peace, 1920–1950 by Waqar H. Zaidi Jessica Lynne Pearson (bio) Technological Internationalism and World Order: Aviation, Atomic Energy, and the Search for International Peace, 1920–1950 By Waqar H. Zaidi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2021. Pp. 320. How to harness the power of aviation and atomic energy for peace rather than mass destruction? This was the question that liberal internationalists were attempting to answer as they worked to develop international oversight mechanisms for these new technologies and to build a platform for lasting peace in the aftermath of global war. In Technological Internationalism and World Order, Waqar H. Zaidi explores a thread of twentieth-century internationalism that has escaped the attention of the growing community of scholars focused on this topic. By exploring a broad range of perspectives from the United States and Britain, Zaidi weaves a story of hope that the internationalization of these "machines of peace" could herald a new era of stability and order. Why airplanes and why atomic energy? As Zaidi explains, "[a]eroplanes stood for space-time compression and allowed internationalists to think of the world as a globe." Atomic energy, on the other hand, "promised cheap industrial power and freedom from want, and war was thought to have been transformed into a new type of mechanized industrial warfare" (p. 11). Technological internationalism, Zaidi argues, didn't eschew militarism, but rather embraced it as a pathway to global security. The story begins in 1920s Britain where internationalists like Philip Noel Baker and David Davies were working through the technical and diplomatic nuances of disarmament. International control over aviation was central to their thinking, a view that would become radicalized in the following decade. Advocates for the internationalization of aviation in the 1930s called for control over both military and civilian branches. During World War II, some representatives from the American and British governments advocated for the creation of a United Nations air force—a significant but underexplored component of wartime planning for a postwar world. The future of civil aviation was also on the minds of these technological internationalists as they sketched out their plans. In the final two chapters of the book, Zaidi turns our attention from aviation to atomic energy as internationalists in both Britain and the United States reacted to the atomic bombs that were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Their impulse to bring this technology under international control, Zaidi contends, built on discourses and proposals from the interwar years. While the internationalization of aviation and atomic energy never came to pass, Zaidi encourages us not to discount this vision. The debates and discussions that constitute the focus of this book would have far-reaching [End Page 891] reverberations in the years that followed, from Cold War science fiction to the "techno-globalist rhetoric" of the 1980s and 1990s (p. 3). The greatest strength of Technological Internationalism and World Order lies in Zaidi's successful bridging of the interwar and postwar moments. Many of the arguments advanced by technological internationalists at the UN after 1945 built on ideas developed by their predecessors in the 1920s and 1930s. While many histories of internationalism have been delimited by important chronological cleavages (most notably the two world wars), Zaidi shows us a common thread that runs through two periods that are usually treated separately. Another strength of the book is the way that it contextualizes the contours of individual strands of thought and action within the broader movement. Technological internationalists, to be sure, held certain notions in common, but Zaidi is clear that this is not a one-size-fits-all label. Rather, internationalist visions of aviation and atomic energy's role in promoting peace were shaped in powerful ways by the specific geographic, political, social, and cultural contexts from which they emerged. If the book has any shortcoming, it is a limitation that Zaidi himself acknowledges in the final section of the introduction. Despite its emphasis on internationalism, transnationalism, and imperialism, the story that Zaidi tells in this book is largely an American and British one. Scholars of other regions, though, will no doubt find his elucidation of...

The improvement of methods and software for modelling devices, processes and phenomena leads to a rapid extension of their application area not only in engineering but also in education. Replacing a real lab works with their tools, installations and equipment by their virtual substitutions, draws students away from the world of technology; this does not contribute to the formation of the skills necessary for organizing and conducting a real live experiment. The article discusses a way to reduce such damage by modeling not only the functions of devices and equipment, but also the process of assembling the correct installation. Unfortunately, the LabVIEW graphic capabilities are insufficient for such kind of virtual laboratory work, especially with reference to the discipline “Microwave technologies and antennas”. The considered laboratory work developed in Delphi7 differs from the typical virtual labs primarily in the way the student should perform it. The student must assemble a test stand on his own: take all the needed parts from the warehouse, connect them correctly using coaxial, cords or waveguides, and also set up instruments and equipment, i.e. adjust the polarization of the radiation field, tune in the generators and amplifiers. And all this is done, of course, with a mouse, rotating the simulated knobs, pressing the switches and so on. Such a lab work becomes actually a kind of training apparatus, strengthening not only the student’s knowledge of a specific topic, but also his/her practical skills in organizing and conducting experiments.The improvement of methods and software for modelling devices, processes and phenomena leads to a rapid extension of their application area not only in engineering but also in education. Replacing a real lab works with their tools, installations and equipment by their virtual substitutions, draws students away from the world of technology; this does not contribute to the formation of the skills necessary for organizing and conducting a real live experiment. The article discusses a way to reduce such damage by modeling not only the functions of devices and equipment, but also the process of assembling the correct installation. Unfortunately, the LabVIEW graphic capabilities are insufficient for such kind of virtual laboratory work, especially with reference to the discipline “Microwave technologies and antennas”. The considered laboratory work developed in Delphi7 differs from the typical virtual labs primarily in the way the student should perform it. The student must assemble a test stand on his own: tak...

The importance level of achievement criterion in the ‘world of technology’ part in the ‘technology․home economics’ subject in the 2015 revised national curriculum as perceived by technology teachers in middle school, Gyeonggi-do in Korea.