Abstract
Alkali-lime-silicate glasses, which have corroded on the sea bed for approximately 240 years, have been studied using scanning electron microscopy, electron-probe microanalysis, X-ray and electron diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy to quantify the nature of the decay processes. Leaching and dissolution of the glass network occurs, followed by reprecipitation of new phases to produce corrosion crusts consisting of discrete layers of striking regularity. Depth profiles of the elements in the crusts revealed them to be depleted of calcium and magnesium. Silicon was enriched at the glass-corrosion interface; aluminium was concentrated throughout the crusts; iron and sulphur were enriched at the exposed surfaces. Sodium and potassium showed less regular behaviour. Several crystalline phases were identified amongst the corrosion products, not all of which arose from the decomposition of the glass.
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