Abstract
The correct theoretical analysis of the generally accepted foundations of theory of photon (quantum) gas is proposed. The principle of the unity of formal logic and of rational dialectics is the correct methodological basis of the analysis. The new results– the correct quantum-statistical foundations– obtained within the framework of the formulated master equation taking into consideration both the quantum states of the radiating molecule and the quantum states of the photon gas in the isolated macroscopic systems “molecule + molecular gas + monochromatic photon gas” are as follows: (a) Planck’s, Einstein’s, and Bose’s works on the theory of photon (quantum) gas contain logical errors; (b) photon (quantum) gas being born by radiating molecule obeys “Gibbs statistics”: equilibrium photon (quantum) gas is described by Gibbs quantum canonical distribution; (c) Planck function (“Bose’s distribution”) is an consequence of Gibbs quantum canonical distribution; (d) Einstein coefficients (i.e. the coefficients of spontaneous emission, induced emission and absorption) are equal to each other. Keywords: quantum theory, statistical physics, heat radiation, Planck function, photon gas
Highlights
As is known, the generally accepted statistical theory of photon gas is a result of research of the problem of heat radiation
There is the problem of truth of Planck’s, Einstein’s, and Bose’s works in theoretical physics, and the critical analysis of the theory of photon gas is the urgent problem of our time
The obtained results are based on the key idea that the problem of correct quantum-statistical description of photon gas should be solved within the framework of master equation taking into consideration both the quantum states of the radiating molecule and the quantum states of the photon gas in the isolated macroscopic systems “molecule + molecular gas + monochromatic photon gas”
Summary
Dialectics principle is the principle of objectivity of human knowledge It is formulated as follows: objective laws and truth must be invariant under choice of means and of methods of cognition, i.e. under change of properties of system of reference (in particular, objective laws and truth must not contain references to devices, procedure and accuracy of measurement or of calculation). The law of heat radiation was formulated by Planck (1901,1959) in work. The derivation of the radiation formula, proposed by Planck, consists of three parts: the classical-electrodynamic calculation, the statistical-thermodynamic approach and the quantum-statistical interpretation. The energy of the resting oscillator is a random quantity. “energy of oscillator must be the whole multiple of element of energy” E 1 represents the following procedure: a) an identification of the quantity with the statistical-average energy E of the harmonic oscillator, i.e
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