Abstract
In June 1993, the Connection Machine Model CM-5 Supercomputer [6] manufactured by Thinking Machines Corporation was the most powerful computer in the world [10]. At the time, Moore's Law [8, 9] was about halfway through its roughly 60-year reign, and indeed, your smartphone today is likely more powerful than the CM-5, no matter how you want to measure it: FLOPS, bisection bandwidth, storage, etc. As one of the earliest commercially successful parallel supercomputers, the CM-5 network architecture introduced many innovations: a user-level network interface, a fat-tree [5] data network, a global synchronization network, and a system-wide parallel diagnostic network. The CM-5 architecture delivered unprecedented computing power for its day while also simplifying the process of coding for parallel performance.
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