Abstract
Tenacibaculum maritimum is a devastating bacterial pathogen of wild and farmed marine fish with a broad host range and a worldwide distribution. We report here the complete genome sequence of the T. maritimum type strain NCIMB 2154T. The genome consists of a 3,435,971-base pair circular chromosome with 2,866 predicted protein-coding genes. Genes encoding the biosynthesis of exopolysaccharides, the type IX secretion system, iron uptake systems, adhesins, hemolysins, proteases, and glycoside hydrolases were identified. They are likely involved in the virulence process including immune escape, invasion, colonization, destruction of host tissues, and nutrient scavenging. Among the predicted virulence factors, type IX secretion-mediated and cell-surface exposed proteins were identified including an atypical sialidase, a sphingomyelinase and a chondroitin AC lyase which activities were demonstrated in vitro.
Highlights
Tenacibaculum maritimum, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes (Suzuki et al, 2001), is the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis, a very serious bacterial disease of many commercial marine fish species, responsible for considerable economic losses in all major areas of marine finfish aquaculture worldwide (i.e., Japan, Europe including the Atlantic, Channel and Mediterranean coasts, North America, Australia, and the Red Sea)
A chondroitin C-lyase activity was recently suggested for T. maritimum (Rahman et al, 2014), our results demonstrate the ability of this bacterium to degrade chondroitin sulfate A
We report here the complete genome sequence of T. maritimum, a serious pathogen of marine fish in many geographical areas
Summary
Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus), a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes (Suzuki et al, 2001), is the etiological agent of tenacibaculosis, a very serious bacterial disease of many commercial marine fish species (for a review, see Avendaño-Herrera et al, 2006b), responsible for considerable economic losses in all major areas of marine finfish aquaculture worldwide (i.e., Japan, Europe including the Atlantic, Channel and Mediterranean coasts, North America, Australia, and the Red Sea). T. maritimum can affect a large number of feral, captive, and cultured fish species such as: Dover sole (Solea solea), Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis), wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata), turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus), yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), red sea bream (Pagrus major), black sea bream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii), gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), puffer fish (Takifugu rubripes), Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), lumpsucker. Affected fish usually display a variety of external signs including eroded mouth, skin ulcers, fin necrosis, and tail-rot. In all other fish species, the control of tenacibaculosis outbreaks remains restricted to the use of antibiotics, sometimes combined with external disinfectants (Avendaño-Herrera et al, 2008)
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