The comparison of outcomes of macrosomic deliveries with gestational diabetes or non gestational diabetes

Abstract

Objective: To compare the prenatal, neonatal and postnatal complications of macrosomic deliveries in pregnancies with GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus) and non gestational diabetes mellitus. 
 Material and Methods: The medical records of 42034 patients who made delivery in a tertiary hospital between 2014 and 2017 were enrolled retrospectively. A total of 2102 patients who made delivery a newborn more than 4000 gr were accepted as macrosomia and included in the study. These patients were divided into two groups as pregnancy with GDM and no GDM so prenatal, birth and neonatal outcomes and complications of these groups were compared. A P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results: 258 women with GDM and 1844 women with no GDM were included in this study. Patients who were in GDM group were younger than the patients in no GDM group with statistically significant (p<0.001). Preeclampsia, ceserean delivery and primary ceserean rate were higher in the GDM group with statistically significant (p<0.001). The mean birth week was lower significantly in the GDM group and mean newborn birth weight of GDM group was higher compared with no GDM group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). The rate of necessity of newborn intensive care unit hospitalization and shoulder dystocia were higher in the GDM group.
 Conclusion: Macrosomic pregnancies with GDM have some poor obstetrics and neonatal outcomes compared with macrosomic pregnancies with no GDM. On the other hand, it should be kept in mind that macrosomia can be occured with non-complicated pregnancy and obstetrician should consider the related complications.