Abstract
Apart from some anomalous exceptions which are not likely to occur in testing practice, the reliability of simple difference scores is greater than, less than, or equal to that of residualized difference scores depending on whether the correlation between observed pretest and posttest scores is greater than, less than, or equal to the ratio of the standard deviations of pretest and posttest scores. This generalization applies even when pretest and posttest error scores are correlated.
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