Abstract
The condition of agriculture and the position of the collective-farm peasantry in the early postwar years constitute one of the least investigated questions in the history of our country. True, in recent years interesting studies have appeared which illuminate the rehabilitation of agriculture in certain parts of the country, or certain aspects of postwar village life. (1) But there is not yet any research that can provide an integrated picture of the condition of agriculture in that period. Moreover, many writings on this subject underestimate the difficulties of the postwar period, and the complex processes involved in the rehabilitation and development of agriculture are interpreted in simplified fashion. (2) This leads, voluntarily or involuntarily, to an underestimation of the heroic feat of the collective-farm peasantry and the strength and viability of the collective-farm system manifested in the course of the restoration of agriculture. We must also consider the important circumstance that study of the history of agriculture in the early postwar years assists in understanding the special features of its development and the reasons for its lag in the subsequent period.
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