The CO2 gradient adaptive laboratory evolution of a self-flocculating Desertifilum sp. in wastewater for nutrient removal and phycocyanin production

Analysis of the elemental composition and uptake mechanism of Chlorella sorokiniana for nutrient removal in agricultural wastewater under optimized response surface methodology (RSM) conditions

Evaluation of nutrients removal (NO3-N, NH3-N and PO4-P) with Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and a consortium of these microorganisms in the treatment of wastewater effluents.

Simultaneous Organic and Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Using a Revolving Algae Biofilm Reactor

This article proposes a kinetic model for wastewater photobiotreatment with microalgae (the PhBT model). The PhBT model for nutrient uptake, coupled with the Verhulst growth model, is a simple and useful tool to describe batch experiments of nutrient removal by microalgae. The model has been validated with experiments of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) grown in wastewater and different synthetic media. The model provided information about nitrogen and phosphorus limitation and their luxury uptake during the test. Productivity observed in synthetic medium (0.17 g SS L−1 d−1) was similar to that obtained in nutrient enriched wastewater (0.15 g SS L−1 d−1). Biomass productivity of this alga in wastewater and the efficient nutrient removal suggested that C. vulgaris could be cultured in wastewater for biomass production while nutrients are reduced from this stream.

Characterization of a microalga Chlorella sp. well adapted to highly concentrated municipal wastewater for nutrient removal and biodiesel production

Optimizing parameters for the stability of alginate encapsulation to support microalgae growth and nutrient removal in shrimp wastewater using response surface methodology

Nutrient removal from pickle industry wastewater by cultivation of Chlorella pyrenoidosa for lipid production

In response to the increasing global water demand and the pressing environmental challenges posed by climate change, the development of advanced wastewater treatment processes has become essential. This study introduces novel electrochemical technologies and examines the scalability of industrial-scale electrooxidation (EO) methods for wastewater treatment, focusing on simplifying processes and reducing operational costs. Focusing on the effective removal of key nutrients, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus, from wastewater, this review highlights recent advancements in electrode materials and innovative designs, such as high-performance metal oxides and carbon-based electrodes, that enhance efficiency and sustainability. Additionally, a comprehensive discussion covers a range of electrochemical methods, including electrocoagulation and electrooxidation, each evaluated for their effectiveness in nutrient removal. Unlike previous studies, this review not only examines nutrient removal efficiency, but also assesses the industrial applicability of these technologies through case studies, demonstrating their potential in municipal and industrial wastewater contexts. By advancing durable and cost-effective electrode materials, this study emphasizes the potential of electrochemical wastewater treatment technologies to address global water quality issues and promote environmental sustainability. Future research directions are identified with a focus on overcoming current limitations, such as high operational costs and electrode degradation, and positioning electrochemical treatment as a promising solution for sustainable water resource management on a larger scale.

Microalgae exhibit large potential as an alternative to advanced biological nutrient removal in wastewater or simulated wastewater at laboratory conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimum conditions for nutrient removal. This study investigated the total carbohydrate, chlorophyll-a, -b, carotenoid and lipid production and nutrient removal of mixotrophic microalgae ( C. vulgaris ) cultured in different nitrate/phosphate rich modified BG-11 medium (0-200 mg L -1 ) at longer growth periods (10 days). The mean removal efficiency of NO 3 -N (in nitrate source), and PO 4 -P (in phosphate source) (88.29 ±0.12 and 31.06 ±0.22%, respectively) was reached in the mixotrophic culture. Under the optimum conditions (200 µmol photon m⁻ 2 s⁻ 1 16 h photoperiod and 28% inoculum size), 63.61-99.05% of NO 3 - and 13.97-63.77% of PO₄ 3 ⁻were successfully removed. The lipid and carbohydrate productivities were 27.95 and 29.53 g L −1 d −1 , 0.2869 and 0.2435 g L -1 d -1 respectively, which were approximately 9-12 times higher than those in photoautotrophic condition. The BG-11 growth media containing 10 g L −1 glucose and excessive amount of nutrient effect results indicate that the Chl-a, -b and carotenoid contents of C. vulgaris is higher at 100 mg L -1 N and 50 mg L -1 P growth media composition compared to 100% growth media composition. Thereby, the findings of this study provided an insight into the role of algal uptake of nutrients under the nutrient rich mixotrophic medium for the future algae-based treatment application.

BackgroundThe utilization of Chlorella for the dual goals of biofuel production and wastewater nutrient removal is highly attractive. Moreover, this technology combined with flue gas (rich in CO2) cleaning is considered to be an effective way of improving biofuel production. However, the sterilization of wastewater is an energy-consuming step. This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate a cost-effective method of culturing Chlorella pyrenoidosa in unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production by sparging air or simulated flue gas, including algal biomass production, lipid production, nutrient removal rate and the mutual effects between algae and other microbes.ResultsThe average biomass productivity of C. pyrenoidosa reached 0.11 g L−1 day−1/0.15 g L−1 day−1 and the average lipid productivity reached 19.3 mg L−1 day−1/30.0 mg L−1 day−1 when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively. This method achieved fairish nutrient removal efficiency with respect to chemical oxygen demand (43.9%/55.1% when sparging air and simulated flue gas, respectively), ammonia (98.7%/100% when sparging air and simulated flue gas, respectively), total nitrogen (38.6%/51.9% when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively) and total phosphorus (42.8%/60.5% when sparging air or simulated flue gas, respectively). Culturing C. pyrenoidosa strongly influenced the microbial community in piggery wastewater. In particular, culturing C. pyrenoidosa enriched the abundance of the obligate parasite Vampirovibrionales, which can result in the death of Chlorella.ConclusionThe study provided a comprehensive evaluation of culturing C. pyrenoidosa in unsterilized piggery wastewater for biofuel production. The results indicated that this cost-effective method is feasible but has considerable room for improving. More importantly, this study elucidated the mutual effects between algae and other microbes. In particular, a detrimental effect of the obligate parasite Vampirovibrionales on algal biomass and lipid production was found.

Cultivation of Chlorella sp. using raw dairy wastewater for nutrient removal and biodiesel production: Characteristics comparison of indoor bench-scale and outdoor pilot-scale cultures

Microalgae Botryococcus sp. is a colonial green alga found in lakes and reservoirs in Malaysia. Previous studies reported that the potential of Botryococcus sp. photosynthesis as a source of fuel. The Botryococcus sp. contains hydrocarbon up to 75% of dry weight, which can be converted into petrol, diesel or turbine fuel or other liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons. Recently, an experimental study was conducted on phycoremediation technology for wastewater using Botryococcus sp. The phycoremediation technology is useful to remove the excess of nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and also have the ability to remove various pollutants from wastewater. This research implements the Verhulst model to estimate the nutrient removal by microalgae Botryococcus sp. from the wastewater. This model has been validated with the experiments of microalgae Botryococcus sp. grown in domestic and palm oil wastewater. The results suggested that microalgae Botryococcus sp. could be cultured in domestic and palm oil wastewater while nutrients are reduced from these wastewaters.

Ferrostatin supplementation improves microalgal activities and nutrient removal in wastewater under high temperature shock: From ferroptosis-like inhibition to enhanced oxidation resistance.

Design and performance of a low-cost microalgae culturing system for growing Chlorella sorokiniana on cooking cocoon wastewater

The dairy industry generates substantial quantities of wastewater, primarily whey wastewater, posing environmental challenges. Current treatment methods involve physical, chemical, and biological processes, but efficient solutions are still sought. Biological treatments using microalgae are gaining attention due to their potential to remove pollutants from wastewater and generate valuable products, making them an alternative way to improve environmental sustainability. The physicochemical characterization of whey effluents reveals a high organic content, an acidic pH, and elevated nutrient levels. This study investigates the potential of Chromochloris zofingiensis (formerly known as Chlorella zofingiensis) for treating whey wastewater using three concentrations, 10%, 20%, and 50%, over a 7-day culture period. The optimal concentration of whey wastewater for biomass, nutrient removal, astaxanthin, and lipid production was found to be 10%. At this concentration, C. zofingiensis achieved a biomass of 3.86 g L−1 and a removal efficiency of nutrients between 77.08% and 99.90%. Analysis of pigment production revealed decreases in chlorophyll and carotenoid production with increasing whey wastewater concentration, while lipid and astaxanthin production peaked at the 10% dilution. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoid, astaxanthin, and lipid contents were, respectively, 11.49 mg g−1, 4.56 mg g−1, 4.04 mg g−1, 0.71 mg g−1, and 30.49% in 10% whey wastewater. The fatty acid profiles indicated the predominance of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, enhancing the biofuel potential of C. zofingiensis cultivated in whey wastewater. These findings demonstrate the dual benefit of using C. zofingiensis for sustainable whey wastewater treatment and high-value bioproduct generation, supporting the development of circular biorefinery systems.