Abstract
The objective of the research study is to investigate the use of three-dimensional ultrasonic measurement technology, to determine the size of gestational sac and embryo volume, and to use the ratio of gestational sac volume to embryo volume in IoT-based prediction of pregnancy outcome. The abnormal and normal pregnancy identifiers are there, which assists in prediction of pregnancy outcomes: whether the pregnancy is normal or may suffer pregnancy loss during first trimester. For the observational study, 500 singleton pregnant women who made an appointment for delivery in Qiqihar Hospital from January 2015 to June 2019 were considered. The 500 pregnant women received transvaginal ultrasound at 6+0 ∼ 8+0 weeks of gestational age to measure gestational sac volume (GSV), yolk sac volume (YSV), and germ volume (GV). According to pregnancy outcome, they were divided into fine group (n = 435) and abortion group (n = 65). Among the 500 cases, 435 had normal delivery and 65 had abortions. According to the results of gestational age (GA) analysis, the pregnancy success rates at 6 (n = 268), 7 (n = 184), and 8 weeks (n = 48) were 85.8%, 87.5%, and 91.7%, respectively. Comparison of pregnancy failure rate among the three groups shows statistically significant difference. The morphology of germ, yolk sac, and gestational sac cannot be used as a predictor of pregnancy outcome in various degrees. The results of multivariate Cox proportional regression analysis show the following: the ratio of germ volume (GV) to gestational sac volume (GSV) (P=0.008) has an impact on the prediction of spontaneous abortion prognosis, showing statistically significant difference; yolk sac volume (YSV), germ volume (GV), and gestational sac volume (GSV) have no effect on the prediction of spontaneous abortion prognosis (P > 0.05). The ratio of GSV to germ volume has a strong prognostic value for pregnancy results. To a certain extent, the ratio of gestational sac volume to germ volume can predict spontaneous pregnancy abortion at 6th week of gestation, providing a theoretical basis for clinical ultrasound pregnancy examination indicators.
Highlights
Pregnancy outcome can be predicted based on transvaginal ultrasound imaging [2] (TVS) and biochemical markers like β-HCG [3], PAPP-A [4], unbounded estriol [5], and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-plasma protein of foetus) [6]. e early predictions of disease help doctors to make early decisions to save the life of patients
Dividing Pregnancy Outcomes according to Gestational Age
gestational sac volume (GSV):germ volume (GV) shows a stronger correlation in predicting pregnancy outcome
Summary
E yolk sac (YS) is considered as biomarker for study of pregnancy loss. Ultrasound testing of GS, YS diameter, crown rump length (CRL), and thickening of the endometrium are used to envisage the pregnancy results. Even if these indicators are checked to be normal, more than 10% of pregnant women experience abortions [11]. The yolk sac (YS) can be detected in the fifth week of pregnancy. E size of the yolk sac from the 5th week to the 10th week of pregnancy is usually taken to judge whether the pregnancy is normal. Logistic regression is used to calculate the regression equation and to analyse the relationship between parameter values like pregnant women condition, gestational sac, germ, and abortion factors
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