The Clinical Relevance of Natural Rubber Latex-Specific IgE in Patients Sensitized to Timothy Grass Pollen

Abstract

Background: In pollen-allergic patients, cross-reacting allergens including cross-reactive carbohydrate determinants (CCDs) and profilins may result in positive natural rubber latex (NRL)-specific IgE (sIgE) antibody tests but the relationship between this sensitization and clinical NRL type 1 allergy is poorly described. Objective: The aims of this study were to determine the frequency and clinical relevance of NRL sIgE in grass pollen-sensitized individuals and to investigate which NRL allergen components these individuals were sensitized to. Methods: A total of 383 grass-sensitized patients answered questions about NRL allergy symptoms and their stored sera from previous investigations were analyzed for NRL sIgE. Patients with NRL sIgE (n = 32) underwent further investigations comprising medical history, skin prick test with NRL and inhalational allergens, and an additional blood sample. The additional blood samples were analyzed for total IgE and sIgE against NRL, timothy grass, birch, rHev b 1, 3, 5, 6.01, 6.02, 8, 9, 11, rPhl p 12, and MUXF3, which was used as a marker of CCD sensitization. Results: Overall, 9.4% of all grass pollen-sensitized individuals showed IgE sensitization to NRL but only 1.6% had a confirmed type I NRL allergy. CCD and Hev b 8 explained the clinically irrelevant NRL IgE sensitization in 65% of the cases. We found a highly significant correlation between NRL profilin (Hev b 8) sensitization and grass profilin (Phl p 12) sensitization (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Data from this study support the hypothesis that in patients with grass pollen sensitization, Hev b 8 mono-sensitization has little or no clinical relevance and is caused by cross sensitization from grass profilin (Phl p 12).