The Chemical Composition of White Dwarfs as a Test of Convective Efficiency during Core Helium Burning

Abstract

Pulsating white dwarfs provide constraints to the evolution of progenitor stars. We revise He-burning stellar models, with particular attention to core convection and to its connection with the nuclear reactions powering energy generation and chemical evolution. Theoretical results are compared to the available measurements for the variable white dwarf GD 358, which indicate a rather large abundance of central oxygen (Metcalfe and coworkers). We show that the attempt to constrain the relevant nuclear reaction rate by means of the white dwarf composition is faced with a large degree of uncertainty related to evaluating the efficiency of convection-induced mixing. By combining the uncertainty of the convection theory with the error on the relevant reaction rate, we derive that the present theoretical prediction for the central oxygen mass fraction in white dwarfs varies between 0.3 and 0.9. Unlike previous claims, we find that models taking into account semiconvection and a moderate 12C(α,γ)16O reaction rate are able to account for a high central oxygen abundance. The rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O used in these models agrees with the one recently obtained in laboratory experiments by Kunz and coworkers. On the other hand, when semiconvection is inhibited, as in the case of classical models (bare Schwarzschild criterion) or in models with mechanical overshoot, an extremely high rate of the 12C(α,γ)16O reaction is needed to account for a large oxygen production. Finally, we show that the apparent discrepancy between our result and those reported in previous studies depends on the method used to avoid the convective runaways (the so-called breathing pulses) that are usually encountered in modeling late stage of core He-burning phase.