The characteristics of tourists’ perception of authenticity in Zhejiang traditional villages and their effects on the construction of tourism service spaces

In recent years, the tourism industry in traditional villages has been developing rapidly due to the national call to vigorously advocate for and promote traditional culture, but there are plenty of problems and challenges facing the protection and development of traditional villages. The GPS action tracking method was adopted in this study to investigate the trajectory of tourists in typical traditional villages of Huizhou and to screen out different spatial sites with different characteristics based on the kernel density analysis. Thereby, people’s behavior in different spatial sites were analyzed in depth using the method of behavior observation, and ultimately, the relevance between the spatial environment of traditional villages, the characteristics of tourists’ actions, and their staying preferences were discussed, and hence an improvement strategy of spatial optimization was put forward accordingly. The research shows that, in Huizhou traditional villages, different scales and forms of space will affect tourists’ tour paths; the unreasonable distribution of commercial formats leads to the uneven distribution of village vitality; and traditional elements and landscape facilities are more likely to cause tourists to demonstrate a variety of behaviors. These findings provide (1) a basis for further understanding the spatial characteristics of traditional villages in Huizhou; (2) a basis for the spatial optimization of traditional villages; and (3) a new research perspective and feasible technical route for the protection, renewal, and sustainable development of traditional villages in other regions.

The tourists’ value of traditional village representing personal values, influences the tourists’ behavior deeply. This paper, with the soft ladder method of MEC theory from the perspective of the tourist, studies the value of tourists born in the 60s, 70s, 80s, and 90s of the traditional villages in Hongcun and Xidi, which indicates 39 MEC value chains, and reveals 11 important attributes of Huizhou traditional villages, 16 tourism results, and 9 types of tourists’ values. With constructing a sustainable development model of Huizhou traditional villages based on tourists’ value, it shows an inherent interaction between tourists’ value and traditional village attributes subdividing the tourism products and marketing channels of Huizhou traditional villages, which is of great significance to the sustainable development of traditional villages in Huizhou.

In the current era of globalization, there are many new cultures have emerged from the outside and are spread in all aspects of life. This can be worrying about the condition of local wisdom in several areas of traditional villages in Indonesia, which, with the development of technology in the era of globalization, is feared to have an impact on the behavior of people who are increasingly abandoning local wisdom. The purpose of this paper is not only commercial, but also to preserve the local culture so that it is not degraded by the changing times in the era of globalization. The method used in this research is a literature case study in the form of traditional tourism villages in Indonesia, such as Cirendeu Traditional Village, Ngadas Traditional Village, Tenganan Traditional Village, Kemiren Traditional Village, and Naga Traditional Village. The results of this study reveal how important the role of tourism villages is. These villages serve as the main activity center for local residents who already have a deep understanding of local wisdom values, where they can support each other and apply these traditional teachings in their daily activities, following in the footsteps of their predecessors. In the framework of further research, it is recommended to look for ways to improve accessibility, both in terms of the ease of reaching tourism village locations and communicating with the local government. This action has the potential to have a greater positive impact on the development and sustainability of these traditional tourism villages while allowing more people to interact with its rich culture. Keywords: globalization, local knowledge, traditional villages

Balancing heritage protection and tourism development is currently the major challenge in traditional Chinese villages, while the construction of tourism service facilities has substantial effects on both the protection and development of villages. Based on the theoretical framework of the living protection concept, which includes three aspects of protection (villagers, traditional architectures, and culture), this paper proposes an indicator system for evaluating the effects of tourism service facilities on traditional villages. The indicator system contains three dimensions, eight first-level indicators, and 19 second-level indicators. An empirical study of five villages in Zhejiang found limited tourism-related benefits for villagers and a low impact of tourism facilities on rural lives. Multiple advantages exist in the utilization of traditional architecture for tourism service facilities, which should be recommended for future development. The exploitation of cultural heritage is not preferable, and the percentages of different types of facilities need to be controlled to maintain a traditional atmosphere. This study suggests that more attention should be paid to increasing tourists’ expenditure, local tourism involvement, and the utilization of tourism facilities by villagers. More techniques for the reconstruction of traditional buildings are required, and continuous adjustments in the tourism development of traditional villages are also necessary.

Exploring the motivation-based typology of religious tourists: A study of Welcome Royal Lord Festival

Tourists' authentic perceptions are crucial for the development of world heritage resources. The paper focuses on exploring the relationships between tourists' authentic perceptions and authenticity-based tourism development of world heritage. Through the empirical study on the Forbidden City in Beijing, we find that the relationships between the above two factors can be simulated by the model of set theory in algebra. As a result, five types of set relationships are proposed: “separation relation”, “intersection relation”, “inclusion relation I”, “inclusion relation II” and “superposition relation”. According to sample distribution rules, the set relationships can be further divided into primary set relationships and secondary set relationships. The study on set relationships based on demographic characteristic of tourists by using two-way analysis of variance method shows that the tourists in different groups of gender, ages, levels of education, visit frequencies and levels of early perspectives have different perceptions for the set relationships. The findings in this paper are helpful for identifying effects of the authenticity-based exploitation of world heritage resources and proposing future strategies for world heritage resources from tourists' authentic perspectives.

With the rapid urbanization in China, traditional villages are undergoing simultaneous construction and destruction, making it crucial to scientifically balance the protection and development of these villages. The Loess Hilly Area of Northern Shaanxi, one of the most severely eroded regions in the world, was chosen as the study area. Socio-economic, land use, and natural ecological data from 152 traditional villages in this area were analyzed. First, an evaluation model was developed to assess the comprehensive level of protection and development in these villages. Next, a coupling coordination model and spatial autocorrelation model were employed to measure the coordination level and spatial distribution of protection and development. Finally, a coordination influence model was combined with a geographically weighted regression model to reveal the driving mechanisms promoting the coupling coordination between protection and development. The results indicate that (1) the protection and development levels of traditional villages in the study area exhibit contrasting patterns of “high in the east and low in the west” and “high in the west and low in the east”, respectively; (2) nearly half of the regions show a low level of coordination between protection and development, with a few counties and districts in the east achieving better coordination; and (3) the spatial variation in the coupling of protection and development is influenced by regional economic capacity, social development, resource endowment, and policy inclination, with various factors influencing the coordination in different ways. This study helps to further elucidate the relationship between the protection and development of traditional villages and provides valuable references for the protection and development of traditional villages in other ecologically fragile areas.

With the development of agricultural heritage tourism, traditional villages, as. Representatives of agricultural cultural heritage, have become a focal point in academia. However, existing research has not yet clarified the mechanism behind the formation of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village, and the quantitative indicators for this perception are also unclear. Therefore, this paper conducted two studies based on Azheke Village in Yuanyang County, Yunnan Province. Study 1, building on a clear understanding of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional villages, used a grounded theory approach to construct the mechanism of tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village. Building upon the findings of Study 1, Study 2 followed a standardized scale development process, developing and testing a perceived authenticity scale for traditional village tourists that included five dimensions: natural ecology, interpersonal interaction, nostalgia, narrative continuity, and psychological compatibility. The scale developed in this paper provides a tool foundation for future research on tourists’ perceived authenticity in traditional agricultural cultural heritage village, and the results of scale predictive utility testing provide positive empirical evidence for future related research.

As custodians of intangible cultural heritage and ecological knowledge systems, Chinese traditional villages face dual challenges, namely, rapidnew urbanization and the commodification of capital-driven spaces. Thus, the sustainability crisis within their living environments has become increasingly prominent. This study reviews Henri Lefebvre’s theory of the production of space and the features of traditional villages through a literature review. It identifies six sustainable characteristics of traditional villages, grounded in the theory of the production of space. Case studies of four distinct traditional villages (Hongcun, Anhui; Yazhe Zaozu, Sichuan; Tianluokeng, Fujian; Dingcun, Shanxi) — representing diverse types and geographical contexts—were conducted to validate these characteristics. The results indicate the following: First, the sustainability of the living environment in traditional villages manifests not only in the persistence of physical spaces, but more fundamentally in the maintenance of social bonds and spiritual culture. Second, the holders of rights in traditional villages vary across regions and village types. Third, the sustainability of the living environments typically exhibits distinct local characteristics, rich experiential narratives, strong collective practices, considerable resilience, significant cultural symbolism, and close interconnectivity. These findings extend the applicability of the production of space in examining the sustainability of rural living environments, offering valuable theoretical insights and practical strategies for the conservation and sustainable development of Chinese traditional villages.

Traditional villages have an important complementary effect on the current refined cities. However, many ancient villages are facing the dilemma of real development while they are in the phase being gradually declining. The aim of the regeneration of the traditional village is processing at the symbiotic development between urban and rural areas. In view of the impact of village declining and modern economic model on the traditional villages as well as the in heritage of ecological wisdom in the development of traditional villages together with the construction and protection of traditional villages. The study of two typical traditional villages in China and Poland with “Adaptive Design” concept, which is the result of the ecological wisdom of ecological adaptation design of traditional villages and the ecological wisdom of eco-village tourism development. It is worth to put forward the “adaptive design” principle by summing up the low-destructive renewable and sustainable construction of traditional villages with various strategies. Through the comparative case study of Chinese and Polish traditional villages, their commonalities and differences were studied in order to promote the ecological landscape, architectural and other forms of cultural heritage in the traditional ancient villages associated with the heritage protection, rural revitalization, ancient villages development along with the Belt and Road Initiative.

The “revitalization” development of traditional village culture is more embodied as the revitalization of the “traditional village cultural landscape genes.” This paper combines the overall concept and development strategy for the protection and development of traditional Hakka villages in western Fujian and puts forward the path of “revitalization” development of traditional Hakka villages in western Fujian. “Revitalization” development path. Construct a cultural development prediction based on the grayscale GM (1,1) model and test its accuracy by combining it with the GDP value of eight counties in western Fujian (Longyan City). Analyze the Hakka cultural tourism resources and major source markets in western Fujian and use the grayscale GM (1,1) model to make a future development prediction for the development of the Hakka traditional village culture industry in western Fujian. The GM(1,1) model’s absolute value for both relative error and rank deviation is less than 0.1. When combined with the grayscale GM(1,1) prediction model, we expect the culture of Hakka traditional villages in western Fujian to generate approximately 59024 million yuan in cultural tourism revenue by 2027.

Studying tourists’ revisit intention to tourism-oriented traditional villages helps understand the development trajectory of these villages and provides scientific support for their protection and renewal. This study, using LDA topic modeling, structural equation modeling (SEM), and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), systematically explores the key factors influencing tourists’ revisit intentions to traditional Chinese villages and the underlying mechanisms. Through in-depth analysis, the research reveals the significant impact of the overall layout, spatial form, street pattern, planar structure, local decoration, and building materials of traditional villages on tourists’ revisit intentions, while also emphasizing the importance of visitor satisfaction. Based on the data results, a series of strategies are proposed to optimize village appearance and enrich traditional decorations, aiming to promote deeper interaction between visitors and traditional villages, enhance tourists’ cultural experiences and satisfaction, and thereby effectively increase their intention to revisit tourism-oriented traditional villages. The findings provide practical recommendations for policymakers and village managers, helping them promote the sustainable development of traditional villages while preserving cultural heritage. Through scientific management and marketing strategies, traditional villages can not only enhance their competitiveness but also secure a place in the global tourism market, achieving both economic and cultural prosperity.

China is a vast country with a wide range of geographical and cultural differences, unbalanced economic development of traditional villages and housings, shortages in infrastructure and people’s living conditions, prominent environmental and ecological problems, and an urgent need to improve the overall level of rural development. For a long time, the protection and utilization of traditional villages have mostly been based on the cognitive views of “frozen protection”and “one-sided protection”, prompting difficulties and resistance in practice. Meanwhile, the result is not effective. At present, traditional villages encounter the situation of declining, hollowing out, and aging. Therefore, it is the theoretical frontier of traditional village research to get rid of the traditional one-sided and frozen protection model. Research should explore the living protection and utilization methods adapted to the characteristics of traditional villages and promote the close integration of traditional village protection and utilization with new development and construction.Under the background of rural revitalization strategy and solving the critical problems of a lack of vitality, the decline and hollowing out of traditional villages are caused by “frozen”protection strategies. This is based on the extensive research and continuous study conducted by the “Key Technology and Integrated Demonstration for the Living Protection and Utilisation of Traditional Villages”of the “13th Five-Year Plan”key research project, especially the in-depth study of traditional villages around Taihu Lake. From the perspective of integrated development, it recogni zes the dynamic interactions among the industrial status (production), regional natural resource (ecology), and historical living conditions (living) . This can help fully coordinate industrial development and improvement of the living environment and ecological construction. Thus, traditional vil lages can obtain endogenous power for sustainable development. It also reveals that living protection and utilization are embodied in a systematic and orderly protection system under the simultaneous development of spatial dimension and temporal dimensions.In the protection system, the coordinated development of spatial and temporal dimensions attaches importance to both the overall protection of the material space of traditional villages and the synergistic development of intangible culture and traditional villages in the time dimension. Its objective is to make the protection and utilization of traditional villages and the peoples ’daily lives mutually promote each other, enhance the villagers ’happiness and sense of achievement, and realize the sustainable development of traditional villages. For the theoretical approach, a multi-level path of living protection and utilization is constructed by combining spatial and temporal dimensions. Among them, the multi-level path in the spatial dimension is composed of three levels: the overall village layout, the individual building, and the indoor environment. The ephemeral path in the temporal dimension is progressively promoted by combining the immediate, medium, and long term, with intertwined interactions of the paths in temporal and spatial dimensions to achieve the living protection of traditional villages. Finally, the practical application of the above-mentioned multiple paths is elaborated by taking the Zhoutie traditional village demonstration project in the Taihu Lake area as an example. Both perspective and practical explorations are conducted.This study is on the construction of multiple paths of traditional villages in temporal and spatial dimensions with an elaboration of the Zhoutie traditional village in the Taihu Lake area. It is an example that will be a positive reference for the research and practical application of the protection and utilization of traditional villages in different regions of China towards an overall and dynamic ‘living ’protection and utilization model. Therefore, this study contributes to building traditional villages to gain continuous endogenous power and promote the sustainable development of traditional villages.

Traditional villages are important parts of architectural and material cultural heritage in China. This study focuses on 710 national-level traditional villages in the Lingnan Region, which are analyzed with ArcGIS 10.8 and spatial analysis methods on the basis of the proximity index, geographic concentration index, kernel density estimation, and Geodetector. The aim is to reveal the spatial distribution patterns of traditional villages in the Lingnan Region and explore the mechanisms through which natural and socioeconomic factors affect their distribution. The results show that the spatial distribution of traditional villages in Lingnan is heterogeneous, with a certain degree of cohesion, and forms one high-density cluster and four secondary high-density clusters. The distribution is influenced by natural factors, such as climate, terrain, and river systems, as well as socioeconomic factors, such as intangible cultural heritage, population, and gross domestic product. However, the direction and magnitude of these influences vary. Among all the factors, temperature and intangible cultural heritage have the strongest explanatory power for the spatial distribution of traditional Lingnan villages. The combined influence of each factor with the other factors is greater than that of each factor alone. This research provides a scientific basis for the protection and development of traditional Lingnan villages.

Objectives: To make a study on an effect that De-militarized Zone (DMZ) value attribute has on eco-tourism attribute, tourism satisfaction and word-of-mouth intention. It is intended to examine tourism satisfaction for regional economy revitalization, symbolism as world peace park and eco-tourism choice attribute by DMZ value attribute based on a study of entire DMZ. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Based on the results of surveying tourists around Imjingak Resort, a regression analysis was carried out. In addition, its results were presented. The survey was carried out for about 2 weeks from 1 October 2015. And among 350 questionnaires, 316 questionnaires were used for analysis except 34 samples that lost goodness of fit as sample because of insincere response. A frequency analysis was made in order to grasp the characteristics of study participants. In addition, a factor analysis was made by utilizing Cronbach’s a coefficient in order to test reliability and validity. Before hypothesis test, a correlation analysis was made, and then a regression analysis was made, and its resultant values were presented. Findings: According to the results of study, it was shown that resource factor and historical factor had a significant effect on eco-tourism choice attribute. In addition, it was shown that, among eco-tourism choice attributes, only natural factor had an effect on tourism satisfaction, and natural factor and eco-exploration factor had an effect on word-of-mouth intention. Besides, it was shown that source factor and historical factor of DMZ value attribute had an effect on tourism satisfaction, and resource factor had an effect on word-of-mouth intention as well. As the results of study were checked, resource factor such as DMZ’s natural landscape and basin system was not related to time with colleague and family members or sense of belonging to organization. In addition, this was based on historical grief, territorial division because of characteristics of DMZ tour. Therefore, it was possible to infer that the tour was not the one where tourists focused on leisure only. And it was possible to find that compassion were created by inviting other people because a desire for word of mouth was formed in the process of observing and experiencing animals and plants in person through having an effect on word-of-mouth intention. This can regarded as phenomenon occurring when ordinary tourists are satisfied. Improvements/Applications: Recently, through events of reunions between South and North Korean family members, a preserved historic battlefield was accepted. Therefore, there was a large number of tourists and high satisfaction. And it was not possible to present strong theoretical basis for DMZ tour as the world’s last divided country. However, in the actual condition where the internationalization of DMZ tour is insufficient, it can be expected to provide very valuable implications also in improvement measures and activation measures in the future.