Abstract
Infections are a major cause of mortality in critically ill patients. It has been estimated that more than 100,000 health care-associated infections occur annually in intensive care units (ICUs) in the United States.[1] This includes 50,000 cases of ventilator-associated pneumonia, 35,000 cases of catheter-associated urinary tract infections, and more than 15,000 cases of central catheter-associated primary bloodstream infection annually.[1] In many ICUs, bacteria causing health care-associated infections are typically resistant to multiple antibiotics. In some situations, these bacteria are susceptible to three or fewer antibiotics (extensively drug resistant—XDR) and occasionally to all antibiotics (pan drug resistant—PDR).[2] Thus, these might be truly termed as “superbugs.”
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