Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising new approach for cancer treatment. In this study, I propose to use the THαβ-mediated immune response for cancer treatment. The THαβ-mediated immune response is activated by IL-10 and IL-15. Thus, I used IL-10 and-15 as therapeutic agents in the 4T1 cell line, which is a mouse cell line of breast cancer, and the NXS2 cell line, which is a mouse cell line of neuroblastoma. Cells from 4T1 and NXS2 were subcutaneously inoculated in wild type BALB/c female mice and AJ mice, respectively, and administered cytokines or an antibody treatment at various dosages. My results showed that IL-10 and IL-15 administration led to reduction in tumor volume and increase in survival. However, traditional TH1 cytokine IFN-γ administration led to increase in tumor volume and decline in survival. Antibody treatment in conjunction with IL-10 was not significantly better than IL-10, due to the expression of GD2 on immune cells. Moreover, an anti-GD2 antibody inhibited the immune cells themselves. Additionally, I found that IL-10 was directly toxic to tumor cells in vitro. Thus, I conclude that the THαβ immunological pathway is a good treatment strategy for cancer.
Highlights
Current cancer treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have been found to yield unsatisfactory results; immunotherapy has emerged as a prospective new treatment strategy for cancer
We investigated the role of cytokine adjuvants in activating natural killer (NK) cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using a 4T1 mouse breast cancer cell line and an NXS2 mouse neuroblastoma cell line for establishing our in vivo tumor models [6]
IL-10 therapy caused statistically significant tumor volume shrinkage. (B) Mice survival was measured each week after 4T1 cell inoculation with or without IL-10 treatment
Summary
Current cancer treatments, including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have been found to yield unsatisfactory results; immunotherapy has emerged as a prospective new treatment strategy for cancer. Current immunotherapies involving monoclonal antibodies are effective, resistance to monoclonal antibody treatments in cancer patients has been reported. We need more efficacious ways to activate the host immune system against cancer. Cytokines are important players in activating immune cells, and I can use them as immunostimulants during monoclonal antibody treatment regimens against cancer. The host immune system has four branches [1,2,3,4], namely T-helper (TH)2-, TH17-, TH1-, and THab-mediated immune responses. The TH2-mediated immune response is activated against helminths, and its effectors include eosinophils, basophils, mast cells, IgE/IgG4-secreting B cells, and THab Cancer Immunotherapy
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