The BNPL phenomenon: Digital consumer communication and behavior in shopee paylater

This research focuses on analyzing the consumptive behavior of students involved in online gambling, specifically, the factors that affect their involvement, such as social pressure, uncertain expectations of winning, and materialistic lifestyle needs. This type of research is qualitative with a phenomenological approach that seeks to understand students' subjective experiences. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews and direct observation at the two research locations, with a total of 15 participants who had involvement in online gambling activities. The data was analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing to identify thematic patterns that reflect gambling-related consumptive behavior. The results of the study show that student involvement in online gambling is triggered by social factors, such as peer encouragement, winning narratives, and pressure to follow a particular lifestyle. Additionally, college students who engage in online gambling show a reliance on uncertain winnings, leading to a deepening cycle of financial losses and negative psychological impacts, including anxiety and decreased academic motivation. The implications of this study emphasize the need for interventions in the form of education on financial management and financial literacy, as well as psychosocial support to reduce the impact of students' consumptive behavior in online gambling. In addition, this research is expected to encourage educational institutions to pay attention to the role of the social environment in influencing students' behavioral choices and develop effective prevention programs.

Purpose - This study aims to discuss the reconstruction of student’s Arabic language proficiency through the International Student Exchange program at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA), Malaysia, using Albert Bandura's social learning theory approach. This program allows students to learn directly in a supportive Arabic-speaking environment. Design/methodology/approach - With qualitative research and a phenomenological approach, the data was organized to describe the development of Arabic language proficiency in student experience through observation of the class program and social interactions, in-depth interviews, and documenting activities. The data was analyzed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis and validated through data source, theory, and method triangulation. Findings/results – The research findings indicate that the International Student Exchange program at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA) Malaysia is an effective means of enhancing student’s Arabic language skills through the creation of a (bi’ah lughawiyah) or Arabic language environment that allows students to observe, understand, and practice Arabic directly. This process unfolds through stages of attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, supported by the presence of native speakers as factual learning models. Originality/value - This study links Bandura’s social learning theory with student’s practical experiences in the student exchange program at Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (UNISZA), which has yet to be extensively discussed in previous literature. Paper type – Research paper

Due to the rapid replacement of traditional technologies with the latest ones, in particular in the field of marketing and consumer communication, the detailed study of the latest, unconventional marketing communication,continuously changing and improving its form, is to be provided. In this work, the theoretical research of using unconventional elements of marketing communications, differing in the possibility of functioning exclusively in the virtual space, namely those that become significant on the Internet, i.e. Internet marketing and its tools, was conducted. The share of tools used in the virtual space is presented by modified elements of the classical marketing mix used in an unusual environment for them, resulting in a number of differences between their classical use and their use on the Internet. Nevertheless, the classical marketing communications complex can be used in the virtual space that successfully coexists with those that are unique to the Internet environment, due to their integration with the help of non-standard tools such as content marketing, contextual advertising, A\B testing, landing, SEO optimization, social networking, etc. Since the theoretical capture and description of practical interactions with the consumer, in particular with the virtual consumer in the virtual space, takes place much more slowly than its practical use and development of new forms of interactions, specialists diverge in their judgments regarding the allocation of the basic set of forms present at the moment in virtual space, because they quickly change each other, supplement, closely interact with classical forms, and even integrate with each other. Therefore, research of the Internet marketing forms was conducted, which directly use the tools of virtual marketing communications, in particular content marketing as one of the most influential Internet marketing tools.

Background: Accidents are events that can occur at anytime and anywhere, including on campus. Campus security plays a strategic role as the vanguard in maintaining security and peace, as well as providing first aid in the event of such incidents. Purpose: Aims of this study is to explore and understand in depth the experience of security officers at the Surakarta Ministry of Health Polytechnic Campus as lay helpers in providing first aid and cardiac arrest treatment for accident victims. Methods: This study used were qualitative with a phenomenological approach. Data analysis used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The research participants consisted of 5 security officers. Data were collected through in-depth interviews Results: produced five main themes, namely: (1) Immediate first aid measures for victims, (2) Providing first aid according to ability, (3) Limited knowledge and skills in first aid, (4) Helping according to the dictates of conscience as a form of devotion and pride, (5) The need for routine training and coaching. The limitations include Reliance on interview data based on participants' subjective experiences, which has the potential to introduce recall bias and social-desirability bias in describing first aid skills and actions and cardiac arrest management. Conclusion: The experience of security personnel shows the importance of providing first aid skills based on ongoing training so that they are able to act quickly, appropriately, and confidently in emergencies in a health education environment.

The modern marketing environment is characterized by high levels of competition in the restaurant industry, which requires companies to develop and implement effective marketing strategies and use marketing communications to attract and retain consumers. At the same time, the growing influence of digital technologies and social networks in advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and branding requires restaurant businesses to actively use the latest marketing communication tools to operate successfully in the market. Changes in consumer preferences and the emergence of new trends in the restaurant business require constant analysis and adaptation of marketing strategies. Therefore, the study of strategic tools for marketing communications in the restaurant business is of great importance for understanding current market trends and improving practical approaches to managing companies in this industry. The study concludes that the implementation of management measures aimed at the creation of strategic marketing communications will allow restaurant business enterprises to maintain and improve their position in the competitive struggle in the long term. The main ones The modern marketing environment is characterized by high levels of competition in the restaurant industry, which requires companies to develop and implement effective marketing strategies and use marketing communications to attract and retain consumers. At the same time, the growing influence of digital technologies and social networks in advertising, public relations, sales promotion, and branding requires restaurant businesses to actively use the latest marketing communication tools to operate successfully in the market. Changes in consumer preferences and the emergence of new trends in the restaurant business require constant analysis and adaptation of marketing strategies. Therefore, the study of strategic tools for marketing communications in the restaurant business is of great importance for understanding current market trends and improving practical approaches to managing companies in this industry. The study concludes that the implementation of management measures aimed at the creation of strategic marketing communications will allow restaurant business enterprises to maintain and improve their position in the competitive struggle in the long term. The main ones are: active influence on the target audience using the maximum number of communication channels, development and maintenance of a strong brand, maximum use of online channels for transmitting communication messages, implementation of sales promotion measures, ensuring feedback from consumers, establishing communication with current and potential partners, strategic analysis of the effectiveness of marketing communication. The implementation of these tools in practice will allow restaurant business enterprises to increase the efficiency of long- term management in the field of marketing communication, which in the future will make it possible to bring the management of the company in general and marketing activities in particular to a new qualitative level.

Gender discrimination in the workplace remains a persistent issue in the education sector, where female teachers continue to experience unequal treatment that affects their professional roles and personal well-being. This study aims to explore female teachers’ lived experiences of gender discrimination, focusing on how they perceive and navigate gender bias, the impacts of discrimination on their professional and personal lives, and the coping strategies they employ. Using a phenomenological approach, this study applied Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to in-depth data collected through semi-structured interviews with three female teachers. The findings reveal multiple dimensions of gender discrimination in the school environment, including its underlying causes, psychoemotional impacts, limited institutional support, the role of the work environment, participants’ expectations for change, and strategies used to cope with discriminatory practices. From the perspective of positive psychology, the results indicate that gender discrimination undermines subjective well-being and constrains the development of individual potential. Female teachers largely rely on personal resilience and peer support in the absence of systematic organizational protection. The novelty of this study lies in its phenomenological examination of gender discrimination by foregrounding female teachers’ subjective experiences within the educational workplace, thereby offering a holistic understanding of discrimination that integrates structural, emotional, and coping dimensions. The study underscores the urgent need for changes in institutional mindsets, organizational structures, and workplace cultures, as well as the implementation of gender-sensitive policies and practices to foster inclusive, supportive, and gender-equitable educational environments.

This study is aimed at exploring how female partners experience their male partners’ use of pornography. It is reported that therapists are increasingly being called upon to support female partners presenting with difficulties relating to their male partners’ porn use (Hall, 2015), but that clinicians feel under-prepared to work effectively with these clients due to a lack of training and the limited availability of empirically based literature (Ayres & Haddock, 2009). Consequently, there appears to be a growing need for research in this area that can provide insight and guidance for clinicians. The phenomenological epistemology and relativist ontology that underpin this study place an emphasis on understanding the subjective lived experiences of the participants; a focus which seems congruent with the philosophical underpinnings of counselling psychology. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six female participants. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis through which four master themes were identified: ‘Pushing her limits of acceptance: The ongoing discoveries’; ‘The female partner’s meaning-making’; ‘A lonely experience’; and ‘The layers of loss’. New insights regarding the interplay between the female partners’ meaning-making and their responses highlight the multi-layered and complex experiences of these participants. A number of implications for practice are discussed including the importance of clinicians moving away from a model of pathology to one of promoting well-being and validating female partners’ emotions and experiences regardless of whether a diagnosis (of porn or sexual addiction, for example) is present. The findings may serve to inform individual and group work with both female partners and male users, as well as couple work. Finally, it is hoped that providing insight into the lived experiences of female partners may encourage a more empathetic and understanding response from male porn users and society when female partners seek their support. The limitations of the study are discussed as well as further areas for research.

This paper, using the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as the underpinning framework, examines student teachers’ basic psychological needs, their subjective experience and their perceived teaching competence during practicum. It attempted to establish whether there were distinct groups of student teachers with different needs satisfaction, and how their levels of needs satisfaction were related to the groups’ subjective experience and perceived teaching competence. Quantitative data were collected. Data were analysed using cluster analysis and MANOVA. Overall, the results suggest that SDT can be effectively utilized as a framework for looking at how needs satisfaction is related to student teachers’ subjective experiences and perceived competence in teaching during practicum. The findings from this study are useful in providing evidence for teacher educators to strengthen their practicum model and plan mentoring workshops. The findings also provide much-needed insights into groups of student teachers that may need more support during practicum. Finally, the findings may help mentors understand their mentees better.

This research aims to apply the phenomenological and psychosocial approaches in analyzing the main character in "L’Enfance d’un Chef" by Jean-Paul Sartre. In this study, the author uses a qualitative descriptive method to explore the subjective experience of the character and the concept of freedom in the literary work. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of human experience in their social environment through a phenomenological approach in literature. The study starts with identifying the background and context of the literary work and exploring the theories related to this research, including phenomenology and psychosocial theory. The author applies phenomenological and psychosocial approaches to analyze the main character and understand his subjective experience. The results show that the main character, Lucien, has a complex and interrelated subjective experience with his social environment. Phenomenological analysis helps the author understand how Lucien perceives and gives meaning to his life experience, while psychosocial analysis helps the author understand the social and psychological factors that influence Lucien's life experience. The conclusion of this study is that the phenomenological and psychosocial approaches can be used to analyze characters in literature and can provide a deeper understanding of the subjective experience of humans in their social environment

The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior of fear of missing out in culinary tourism, related to anxiety or fear of missing out on something that is popular. As a result, Tourism Industry Study Program students tend to follow trends, buy goods that are not really needed, or do activities that are actually undesirable, so as not to feel left behind. The qualitative method with a phenomenological approach is used to focus on a deep understanding of the individual's subjective experience of a phenomenon. The data analysis technique used is Interpretative phenomenological analysis, which is a method that focuses on an in-depth exploration of how participants understand their personal experiences. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with informants. Data collected from key informants is more accurate and valid because it is in accordance with the phenomenon experienced directly. The results of the study show a change in fear of missing out behavior towards consumptive behavior, shown by the existence of social media promotions and consumption trends that encourage impulsive behavior and social anxiety. Thus, it is hoped that Tourism Industry Study Program students can face challenges in balancing modern social pressure and social media with values to prioritize life balance and build healthy relationships without relying on social media.

Family health independence includes: being able to recognize various health problems, being able to decide on appropriate nursing actions, being able to carry out proper daily care at home, being able to support and improve the health of all family members, being able to take advantage of health services. The number of affected communities in the Puskesmas is less than the standard set by the government. In 2021 for the January – August period, the number of visits for hypertension cases at the Antang Health Center in Makassar City was 1,851 of the total number of non-communicable disease cases, where the number of visits for hypertension cases in the August 2021 period was 268 cases with confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the Manggala sub-district as an area. Its work reached 5,032 cases as of August 28, 2021. Qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. Interviews were conducted with 11 informants, including 5 patients with hypertension, 5 patients' families, and 1 health worker. Data collection techniques using in-depth interview techniques, observation techniques and documentation techniques. The validity of the data using triangulation, namely triangulation of data sources, triangulation of theories, and triangulation of methods. The results showed that family independence in patients with hypertension had been carried out very well and full of attention, based on this it was found that the level of family independence was at the 4th level, namely accepting health workers to take active promotive actions. Health workers have also made regular visits and checked the health of patients, provided education, and brought medicines needed by patients, health workers also provided education regarding the prevention of COVID-19 to families and patients and also the dangers of complications between hypertension and Covid-19.

This paper, using the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) as the underpinning framework, examines student teachers’ basic psychological needs, their subjective experience and their perceived teaching competence during practicum. It attempted to establish whether there were distinct groups of student teachers with different needs satisfaction, and how their levels of needs satisfaction were related to the groups’ subjective experience and perceived teaching competence. Quantitative data were collected. Data were analysed using cluster analysis and MANOVA. Overall, the results suggest that SDT can be effectively utilized as a framework for looking at how needs satisfaction is related to student teachers’ subjective experiences and perceived competence in teaching during practicum. The findings from this study are useful in providing evidence for teacher educators to strengthen their practicum model and plan mentoring workshops. The findings also provide much-needed insights into groups of student teachers that may need more support during practicum. Finally, the findings may help mentors understand their mentees better.

Consumptive behavior in adolescents has become the focus of attention in the context of financial management. This article aims to analyze consumptive behavior in adolescents and its impact on their financial management using a quantitative approach. Through a quantitative survey involving a sample of adolescents, this study aims to identify influencing factors that influence consumptive behavior and analyze the short-term and long-term impact of consumptive behavior on adolescent financial management. The research method used is a quantitative survey with a structured questionnaire. The study sample consisted of adolescents aged 15-18 years who were randomly selected from several schools in certain areas. The questionnaire included questions about spending patterns, consumption motivation, financial management, and financial knowledge of adolescents. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques and regression analysis to identify the relationship between consumptive behavior and financial management. The survey results show that influencing factors such as marketing, social media, peers, and psychological factors play an important role in adolescent consumptive behavior. In addition, excessive consumptive behavior has a negative impact on adolescent financial management, including consumptive debt problems, difficulty saving, and lack of financial knowledge. The long-term impact of this consumptive behavior can lead to financial risks in the future.

Background: The study explores citizens’ subjective experiences with occupational-rehabilitation meetings and their health literacy levels. Methods: We used the method “Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis” (IPA) to investigate six citizens’ subjective experiences with an occupational-rehabilitation meeting. The nine domain Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) was used to measure the participants’ individual levels of health literacy. With an inductive approach, the individual levels of health literacy were compared to the citizens’ subjective experiences with the occupational-rehabilitation meeting. Results: Six superordinate themes applied to all participants: the importance of the meeting; the experience of the structure of the meeting; the relationship to the social worker; the importance of an assessor; comprehension of information; and interaction with the occupational-rehabilitation team. Health literacy levels differed between the participants and a variation was seen within the nine do...

Financial decision-making among university students has become a critical issue in the digital era, requiring adequate financial literacy and adaptive skills. This study aims to explore how students at Lampung Uni-versity make financial decisions by examining three main factors: financial literacy, peer influence, and digital transformation. A qualitative phenomenological approach was employed to capture students’ subjective experiences regarding their thought processes, considerations, and social dynamics influencing financial choices. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with participants selected using purposive random sampling and analyzed using thematic coding with NVivo 12 Pro software. The findings indicate that financial literacy serves as a cognitive foundation, enabling students to assess risks, prioritize ex-penditures, and develop basic financial management strategies. Peer influence affects financial decisions through social norms, social comparisons, and peer recommendations. Meanwhile, digital transformation facilitates access to information, accelerates transactions, and shapes new consumption and investment patterns among students. The interaction of these three factors contributes to the formation of com-prehensive financial awareness. This study provides insights for enhancing financial education and promoting rational financial behaviors among young adults.