Abstract

In contrast to the Anglo-centric view of Robert Brenner and the political Marxists, this chapter argues that rather than simply economic relations determining the development of early capitalism, the ongoing class struggle and political and ideological struggle shaped capitalist development. Moreover, it rejects the political Marxist view that the non-European world played no real role in the development of capitalism. Scholars like Eric Hobsbawm, Immanuel Wallerstein, David Harvey, Giovanni Arrighi, and lately Alex Anievas and Kerem Nisancioglu have taken a more global approach. In each case, Marx’s ideas of uneven or combined and uneven development have played a key role. But the emergence of world money, it is shown, is what particularly made capitalism a global rather than a merely European phenomenon.

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