Abstract
Tetramic acid (pyrrolidine-2,4-dione) compounds, isolated from a variety of marine and terrestrial organisms, have attracted considerable attention for their diverse, challenging structural complexity and promising bioactivities. In the past decade, marine-derived microorganisms have become great repositories of novel tetramic acids. Here, we discuss the biological activities of 277 tetramic acids of eight classifications (simple 3-acyl tetramic acids, 3-oligoenoyltetramic acids, 3-decalinoyltetramic acid, 3-spirotetramic acids, macrocyclic tetramic acids, N-acylated tetramic acids, α-cyclopiazonic acid-type tetramic acids, and other tetramic acids) from marine-derived microbes, including fungi, actinobacteria, bacteria, and cyanobacteria, as reported in 195 research studies up to 2019.
Highlights
Secondary metabolites bearing a tetramic acid motif have been isolated from various terrestrial and marine species, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and sponges.The tetramic acid scaffold can be modified by unusual and intricate substituents to form complex, diverse chemical structures with multiple stereogenic centers
We focus our attention on compounds from marine microbes, especially in the past six years, numerous examples of new the isolation, structural features, and biological activities of natural tetramate products isolated from tetramate molecules from marine-derived microorganisms, and their related bioactivities, have been marine-derived microorganisms reported
Three broad groups of compounds (cytochalasins, 4-O-substituted derivatives review, we focus our attention on the isolation, structural features, and biological activities of natural tetramate products isolated from marine-derived microorganisms (fungi, actinobacteria, bacteria, and 2-pyridones), from putative tetramic acid-related biosynthesis pathways have and cyanobacteria) reported up[4,6,7,8,12,13,14,15,16]
Summary
Secondary metabolites bearing a tetramic acid (pyrrolidine-2, 4-dione) motif have been isolated from various terrestrial and marine species, such as bacteria, actinobacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, and sponges. We focus our attention on compounds from marine microbes, especially in the past six years, numerous examples of new the isolation, structural features, and biological activities of natural tetramate products isolated from tetramate molecules from marine-derived microorganisms, and their related bioactivities, have been marine-derived microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, and cyanobacteria) reported A total of 195 research papers describing 277 tetramate compounds from marine-derived microbes acid-related biosynthesis pathways have been covered in numerous reviews [4,6,7,8,12,13,14,15,16] and are were analyzed forfrom thisthis review (Supplementary Table S1). Structure, and Bioactivities of Tetramic Acid Products from Marine Microbes
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