Abstract
Purpose: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) has dramatically increased in recent years, especially in young people, and limits the life quality of the patients involved. Thus, many researchers are performing extensive studies to find alternative treatments for DM.Methods: Here, we evaluated the improvement effects of the heat-killed Actinomycetales species, including Gordonia bronchialis, and Tsukamurella inchonensis in streptozotocin (STZ)- diabetic rats by biochemical, immunological, and histopathological examinations.Results: The present findings exhibited a dramatic and progressive alteration in the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the diabetic group, which were related to the blood glucose and insulin levels, oxidative stress defense (evaluated by TAC and MDA activities), and the pancreas biochemical indicators (such as amylase and lipase). More importantly, the present results were consistent with the histopathological findings, which included cellular degeneration, vascular congestion, hemorrhage, focal necrosis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration. Interestingly, all of the diabetic changes in the blood serum and tissues improved remarkably in the treated groups by Actinomycetales species.Conclusion: Surprisingly, most of the current diabetic complications effectively attenuated after oral administration of both Actinomycetales species, particularly with a high dose of T. inchonensis. Thus, it is concluded that the heat-killed Actinomycetales species can prevent and improve the progression of T1DM and its various complications profoundly.
Highlights
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered as a multifactorial autoimmune disease in which the islet cell immune response destroys insulin-producing β cells in the endocrine islets of Langerhans
The present findings exhibited a dramatic and progressive alteration in the serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the diabetic group, which were related to the blood glucose and insulin levels, oxidative stress defense, and the pancreas biochemical indicators
There are no data on the effects of these immune modulators on the pancreatic islets alterations associated with biochemical indicators and inflammatory cytokine profiling in the setting of T1DM
Summary
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is considered as a multifactorial autoimmune disease in which the islet cell immune response destroys insulin-producing β cells in the endocrine islets of Langerhans. The incidence of T1DM has significantly increased in recent years, among young people, which can affect the patient’s life quality Today, it is well known the contribution of immune-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of DM and its complications such as nephropathy and hepatopathy. It is well known the contribution of immune-mediated inflammatory mechanisms in the pathophysiology of DM and its complications such as nephropathy and hepatopathy In this regard, increasing evidence indicated that inflammatory cytokines present a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of T1DM.[1] Recently, some reports described some aerobic Actinomycetales species closely related to mycobacteria including Rhodococcus coprophilous, Gordonia bronchialis, and Tsukamurella inchonensis which are noticeable because of immunomodulatory activities, in heat-killed form.[2] Growing evidence suggested that both obesity and T2DM can be improved by administration of Actinomycetales as an immune modulator.[3] Up to now, there are no data on the effects of these immune modulators on the pancreatic islets alterations associated with biochemical indicators and inflammatory cytokine profiling in the setting of T1DM. A previous document clarified the critical role of interleukin-6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in diabetic complications.[4,5] the current study evaluated the probable improvement impact of G. bronchialis and T. inchonensis (as the heat-killed Actinomycetales species) on an improvement to pancreatic islet cell disorders in T1DM through histopathological, immunological and biochemical studies
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