Abstract
Bacteria transport and concomitantly phosphorylate several sugars via the multicomponent phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). This allows the introduction of these sugars into the glycolytic pathway at low cost and provides, thus, an advantage as compared to the use of other sugar transport systems. Four of the PTS proteins are involved in phosphotransfer from phosphoenolpyruvate to the incoming sugar. The phosphorylation state of these proteins can, thus, indicate the sugar supply, and different PTS proteins are indeed involved in different signal transduction strategies that link the availability of sugars and the physiological state of the cell to the activity of transport proteins, metabolic enzymes, and transcriptional regulators. Moreover, there are PTS-related proteins that are exclusively devoted to regulatory purposes. The general physiological scenarios (input information, regulatory output) of many regulatory events caused by PTS proteins are conserved in a broad range of bacteria. However, their actual molecular mechanisms may differ substantially.
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