The Aurignacian at Hayonim Cave

Abstract

Stratum D at Hayonim Cave represents temporary Upper Palaeolithic occupations in three successive sub-layers. Although the occupation area was quite small (15 m2), two of the sub-layers contained hearths (D 3 and D 4). Sub-layers D 1-2 and D 4 also had some architectural remains. The lithic assemblage of Stratum D is related to other middle Upper Palaeolithic assemblages in northern Levant with a high Aurignacian index. Yet it displays a number of specific traits such as the near absence of El-Wad points and the high percentage of microliths. The bone tool assemblage from Stratum D is unique among other known Upper Palaeolithic assemblages in its number of tools and their variety. These bone tools differ from the Natufian ones found in Stratum B. Among the stone tools and modified stones, art objects were found, a rare phenomenon in the Levantine Upper Palaeolithic, as well as ochre-stained artifacts, ochre lumps and adornments of bone and teeth. It seems that the Aurignacian occupation in Hayonim Cave though small in size, represents a variety of activities, which are evidenced through the different flint, bone and stone tool assemblages, and special activities areas such as the "kitchen midden" in D 3 and the large hearths in D 4.