Abstract
A measurement system is developed to detect the low-frequency underwater acoustic signal. The clear and highly stable diffraction pattern is observed experimentally when the laser beam illuminates on the liquid surface which is stimulated by the underwater acoustic signal, the diffraction pattern is asymmetric distribution. The expression of the diffraction pattern intensity was derived theoretically. The asymmetry distribution of the location and intensity of the diffraction pattern were explained with the laser oblique incident on the liquid surface, and the symmetric distribution of the diffraction pattern was explained with the laser vertical incident on the liquid surface as well. It is consistent between theory and experiment.
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