The association of serum phospholipids levels with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review of observational studies

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects the levels of various metabolites, which may be associated with pathogenesis of chronic diseases. This study aimed to indicate the association between CKD and changes in the levels of phospholipids. Methods: This systematic review considered the PRISMA guidelines for reporting the results. We searched the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Sciences and Google Scholar until June 2023. Case-control and cross-sectional studies investigated the relationship between CKD and alterations of serum levels of phospholipids. We determined the quality of the articles using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) for cross-sectional studies and the NOS scale for case-control studies. Results: A total of 28977 articles were included. One hundred and fifty duplicated articles were removed, 28827 studies were excluded, 343 full-text articles were reviewed and sixteen studies were included at the end. The studies demonstrated a significant association between serum levels of total phospholipids (TPLs), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidic acid (PA) and plasmalogen with renal diseases. Conclusion: Phospholipids levels are associated with the kidney diseases. It is important to identify non-invasive ways to diagnose biological risk factors in patients with renal damages, so they can be targeted for early treatment. The included studies reported significant alteration of phospholipids levels in CKD.