Abstract
We conducted secondary data analyses of pooled data from a clinical trial that prescribed park visits to children and their caregivers in a low-income, urban setting. Data were collected at the prescribing visit (baseline) and at one and three months of follow up from 78 families. Family characteristics were identified at baseline; regression models were used to explore changes during follow up in associations of park use with knowledge, attitudes and perceived access to parks. At baseline, park users differed from non-users in demographics, knowledge of park locations, attitudes about the value of park visits, but not affinity for nature. Park users were also more likely than non-users to feel that their neighborhood was safe for children to play in. Changes in knowledge of park locations, nature affinity, and perceived access to parks were each significantly associated with increased park use by families at one and three months after the park prescription. Adjusting for age, gender, race, poverty, and US birth, increases in knowing the location of parks were associated with an increase of 0.27 weekly park visits (95% CI 0.05, 0.49; p = 0.016); increases in feeling a caregiver had money to visit parks were associated with 0.48 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.28, 0.69; p < 0.001); increases in perceived money for park outings were associated with 0.24 increased park visits per week (95% CI 0.05, 0.42; p = 0.01); each unit increase in nature affinity was associated with 0.34 more weekly park visits (95% CI 0.09, 0.59; p = 0.007). In other words, knowing where to go, valuing nature, and having time, and money contributed to increased likelihood of visiting a park. We discuss in terms of health behavior theory how demographics, knowledge, attitudes and perceived barriers to park use can inform park prescription interventions.
Highlights
Clinicians have been increasingly interested in how to counsel their patients about time outdoors as a means to health [1,2,3,4]
In this study of prescribed park visits to families in a low-income, urban setting, our findings suggest that understanding perspectives, attitudes, and access to park use can be helpful in promoting healthy, active living via the outdoors
Some studies suggest that social access is more important than proximity in understanding whether residents in a low-resource neighborhood use a park. Because these are the populations who may have the most to benefit from a park prescription program, we suggest that park prescription programs should be informed by community assessments of parks that are acceptable and accessible to families in lieu of recommending those which are closest
Summary
Clinicians have been increasingly interested in how to counsel their patients about time outdoors as a means to health [1,2,3,4]. One approach currently gaining popularity is “park prescriptions”, defined here as programs where clinicians prescribe or recommend park visits to encourage healthy, active living. These programs range from providers printing out maps of local parks [5], to partnerships with existing park programs [6], to health care providers leading park outings with patients [7]. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 701; doi:10.3390/ijerph17030701 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph
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