Abstract

This study examined gender differences in the associations among teacher–student relationships and three types of school engagement (i.e. behavioural engagement, emotional engagement, and cognitive engagement) among elementary students by using Multi-Group Structural Equation Modelling (MGSEM). For both boys and girls, negative teacher–student relationships (i.e. Conflict) had a stronger association with their school engagement than did positive teacher–student relationships (i.e. Closeness). However, several salient gender discrepancies were found. Specifically, Conflict had a stronger relation with girls’ emotional engagement than it did with boys’ emotional engagement. Girls’ cognitive engagement had no significant association with their teacher–student relationship, while boys’ cognitive engagement was predicted by both Closeness and Conflict. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed.

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