The association between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and abnormal blood pressure among prepregnant reproductive-age Chinese females.

Abstract

The morbidity of hypertension is increasing among young adults worldwide, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is a high-prevalence genetic disease. We investigated whether G6PD deficiency was associated with abnormal blood pressure (including elevated blood pressure and hypertension) among prepregnant reproductive-age females. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, which included 154917 females aged 20-49 who participated in the National Free Pre-conception Check-up Projects supported by the Chinese government. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratios (ORs) for the effects of G6PD deficiency on elevated blood pressure and hypertension were 1.18 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03-1.35) and 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00-1.23), respectively. Moreover, the association between G6PD deficiency and abnormal blood pressure was statistically significant for systolic blood pressure (SBP) but not significant for diastolic blood pressure (DBP). The multivariable-adjusted ORs for females with G6PD deficiency in the SBP 120-139 mm Hg and SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg groups were 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00-1.21) and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.25-2.42), respectively, while the multivariable-adjusted ORs for females with G6PD deficiency in the DBP 80-89 mm Hg and DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg groups were 1.09 (95% CI: 0.98-1.21) and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.66-1.19), respectively. Subgroup analyses showed similar results. The findings of this study underscored that reproductive-age females with a G6PD deficiency had a higher risk of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Therefore, females with G6PD deficiency combined with elevated blood pressure or hypertension were high-risk populations during prepregnancy and pregnancy periods. Early intervention and collaborative management approaches should be explored to reduce the burden of these two diseases and improve maternal and child health.